Formic acid

Formic Acid is a colorless, fuming liquid or crystallizing solid, CH2O2, with a pungent odor, occurring naturally in ants and many plants and used in dyeing textiles and in insecticides.

Chemical Properties

Formic acid, also known as methanoic acid, is the simplest carboxylic acid. The chemical formula is HCOOH or CH2O2. It is an important intermediate in chemical synthesis and occurs naturally, most notably in some ants. The word "formic" comes from the Latin word for ant, formica, referring to its early isolation by the distillation of ant bodies.

Uses

Formic acid is a versatile chemical used in a variety of industries and applications, including:

• Agriculture: Formic acid is used in livestock feed as a preservative and antibacterial agent.
• Textile industry: It is used in dyeing and finishing textiles.
• Rubber industry: Formic acid is used as a coagulant.
• Leather industry: It is used in leather production for tanning, and in dyeing and finishing textiles.
• Chemical industry: Formic acid is used as an intermediate in the production of a variety of chemicals.

Health Effects

Formic acid is a potent cause of acute injury to eyes, skin and mucous membranes. Prolonged exposure to formic acid can lead to blindness and severe skin burns. Inhalation can lead to coughing, shortness of breath, and pulmonary edema.

Safety

Formic acid is considered a hazardous substance, and safety precautions should be taken when handling it. This includes wearing protective clothing and eye protection, and ensuring good ventilation in the work area.

See Also

• Carboxylic acid
• Chemical industry
• Textile industry
• Rubber industry
• Leather industry
• Agriculture

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