Dihydrostreptomycin: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 05:18, 16 February 2025

An antibiotic used in the treatment of tuberculosis and other bacterial infections

Dihydrostreptomycin[edit]

Chemical structure of Dihydrostreptomycin

Dihydrostreptomycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic derived from streptomycin. It is primarily used in the treatment of tuberculosis and other bacterial infections. Dihydrostreptomycin works by inhibiting protein synthesis in bacteria, leading to cell death.

Mechanism of Action[edit]

Dihydrostreptomycin binds to the 30S subunit of the bacterial ribosome, interfering with the initiation complex and causing misreading of mRNA. This action inhibits protein synthesis, which is essential for bacterial growth and replication. The bactericidal effect of dihydrostreptomycin is concentration-dependent.

Clinical Uses[edit]

Dihydrostreptomycin is used in combination with other antibiotics to treat Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections. It is also effective against a variety of Gram-negative bacteria, including some strains of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Side Effects[edit]

The use of dihydrostreptomycin can lead to several side effects, the most significant being ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity. Ototoxicity can result in irreversible hearing loss, while nephrotoxicity can cause kidney damage. Patients receiving dihydrostreptomycin should be monitored for signs of these adverse effects.

Resistance[edit]

Bacterial resistance to dihydrostreptomycin can occur through various mechanisms, including the modification of the antibiotic target site, enzymatic inactivation, and efflux pump activation. Resistance is a significant concern in the treatment of tuberculosis, necessitating the use of combination therapy to prevent the development of resistant strains.

History[edit]

Dihydrostreptomycin was developed as a derivative of streptomycin to improve its pharmacological properties. It was first introduced in the 1940s and has since been used in the treatment of various bacterial infections. However, due to its side effects and the development of resistance, its use has declined in favor of newer antibiotics.

Related pages[edit]

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-'''Dihydrostreptomycin''' is an [[aminoglycoside]] antibiotic derived from [[streptomycin]] by the chemical addition of a hydrogen molecule. It was discovered following the identification of streptomycin, with the aim of reducing the toxicity associated with its parent compound while retaining antibacterial efficacy. Dihydrostreptomycin is primarily used in veterinary medicine to treat susceptible bacterial infections in animals.
+{{Short description|An antibiotic used in the treatment of tuberculosis and other bacterial infections}}
-==Chemical Structure and Mechanism of Action==
+==Dihydrostreptomycin==
-Dihydrostreptomycin is structurally similar to streptomycin; however, the addition of a hydrogen molecule changes its chemical properties and pharmacokinetics. Like other aminoglycosides, dihydrostreptomycin functions by binding to the bacterial [[30S ribosomal subunit]], interfering with [[protein synthesis]] and leading to the death of the bacterial cell. This mechanism is effective against a broad spectrum of [[Gram-positive bacteria|Gram-positive]] and [[Gram-negative bacteria|Gram-negative bacteria]].
+[[File:Dihydrostreptomycin.svg|thumb|right|Chemical structure of Dihydrostreptomycin]]
+'''Dihydrostreptomycin''' is an aminoglycoside antibiotic derived from [[streptomycin]]. It is primarily used in the treatment of [[tuberculosis]] and other bacterial infections. Dihydrostreptomycin works by inhibiting protein synthesis in bacteria, leading to cell death.
-==Uses in Veterinary Medicine==
+==Mechanism of Action==
-Dihydrostreptomycin is widely used in the treatment of bacterial infections in animals, including [[bovine tuberculosis]], [[brucellosis]], and infections caused by [[E. coli]], [[Salmonella]], and [[Pasteurella]] species. It is often administered in combination with other antibiotics to enhance its antibacterial spectrum and to prevent the development of resistance.
+Dihydrostreptomycin binds to the 30S subunit of the bacterial [[ribosome]], interfering with the initiation complex and causing misreading of [[mRNA]]. This action inhibits protein synthesis, which is essential for bacterial growth and replication. The bactericidal effect of dihydrostreptomycin is concentration-dependent.
-==Pharmacokinetics==
+==Clinical Uses==
-The pharmacokinetic properties of dihydrostreptomycin, such as absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion, are influenced by its administration route. It is poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and is therefore usually administered via injection. Once administered, it is widely distributed throughout the body, including in kidney tissues, where it achieves high concentrations. Dihydrostreptomycin is excreted primarily through the kidneys, making renal function an important consideration in dosing.
+Dihydrostreptomycin is used in combination with other antibiotics to treat [[Mycobacterium tuberculosis]] infections. It is also effective against a variety of [[Gram-negative bacteria]], including some strains of [[Escherichia coli]], [[Klebsiella pneumoniae]], and [[Pseudomonas aeruginosa]].
-==Side Effects and Toxicity==
+==Side Effects==
-The use of dihydrostreptomycin can be associated with several adverse effects, most notably [[ototoxicity]] and [[nephrotoxicity]]. Ototoxicity can result in hearing loss and balance disorders, which may be irreversible. Nephrotoxicity, or kidney damage, is another serious concern, particularly in animals with pre-existing renal impairment. The risk of toxicity necessitates careful dosing and monitoring of renal function during treatment.
+The use of dihydrostreptomycin can lead to several side effects, the most significant being [[ototoxicity]] and [[nephrotoxicity]]. Ototoxicity can result in irreversible hearing loss, while nephrotoxicity can cause kidney damage. Patients receiving dihydrostreptomycin should be monitored for signs of these adverse effects.
 ==Resistance==
-As with other antibiotics, the widespread use of dihydrostreptomycin has led to the development of bacterial resistance. Resistance mechanisms include the modification of the target 30S ribosomal subunit, enzymatic inactivation of the antibiotic, and reduced permeability of the bacterial cell envelope. The emergence of resistant bacterial strains underscores the importance of judicious use of dihydrostreptomycin in veterinary medicine.
+Bacterial resistance to dihydrostreptomycin can occur through various mechanisms, including the modification of the antibiotic target site, enzymatic inactivation, and efflux pump activation. Resistance is a significant concern in the treatment of tuberculosis, necessitating the use of combination therapy to prevent the development of resistant strains.
-==Conclusion==
+==History==
-Dihydrostreptomycin is a valuable antibiotic in the treatment of bacterial infections in animals. Its efficacy against a broad range of bacteria, combined with its relatively low cost, makes it a staple in veterinary medicine. However, its potential for causing significant side effects and the risk of bacterial resistance necessitate careful use, including consideration of dose, duration of treatment, and monitoring for adverse effects.
+Dihydrostreptomycin was developed as a derivative of streptomycin to improve its pharmacological properties. It was first introduced in the 1940s and has since been used in the treatment of various bacterial infections. However, due to its side effects and the development of resistance, its use has declined in favor of newer antibiotics.
+==Related pages==
+* [[Streptomycin]]
+* [[Aminoglycoside]]
+* [[Antibiotic resistance]]
+* [[Tuberculosis treatment]]
 [[Category:Antibiotics]]
 [[Category:Aminoglycosides]]
-[[Category:Veterinary Medicine]]
+[[Category:Tuberculosis treatment]]
-{{medicine-stub}}