Codeine-N-oxide: Difference between revisions

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'''Codeine-N-oxide''' is a [[semi-synthetic opioid]] derived from [[morphine]]. It is a minor constituent of [[opium]] and is typically used for its [[analgesic]], [[antitussive]], and [[antidiarrheal]] properties.
{{Short description|An encyclopedia article about Codeine-N-oxide}}


==Chemistry==
==Codeine-N-oxide==
Codeine-N-oxide, also known as 3-methylmorphine-N-oxide, is a [[phenanthrene]] alkaloid and a member of the [[morphinan]] class of opioids. It is structurally similar to [[codeine]], with the addition of an oxide group. This modification results in a compound with different pharmacological properties.
[[File:Codeine-N-oxide.svg|thumb|right|Chemical structure of Codeine-N-oxide]]
'''Codeine-N-oxide''' is a [[chemical compound]] that is a derivative of [[codeine]], an [[opioid]] used for its [[analgesic]] and [[antitussive]] properties. Codeine-N-oxide is an [[oxidized]] form of codeine, where the nitrogen atom in the [[morphinan]] structure is bonded to an additional oxygen atom, forming an N-oxide.
 
==Chemical properties==
Codeine-N-oxide retains the basic [[molecular structure]] of codeine, with the addition of an oxygen atom bonded to the nitrogen. This modification can affect the compound's [[pharmacokinetics]] and [[pharmacodynamics]], potentially altering its [[bioavailability]] and [[metabolism]] compared to codeine.


==Pharmacology==
==Pharmacology==
Codeine-N-oxide acts primarily as a [[prodrug]], being metabolized in the body to produce its active forms, [[morphine]] and [[morphine-N-oxide]]. These metabolites are responsible for the drug's analgesic effects. Codeine-N-oxide also has a high affinity for the [[mu opioid receptor]], which is thought to contribute to its antitussive and antidiarrheal effects.
As an N-oxide derivative of codeine, Codeine-N-oxide may exhibit different [[pharmacological]] properties. The presence of the N-oxide group can influence the compound's ability to cross the [[blood-brain barrier]], its [[binding affinity]] to [[opioid receptors]], and its [[metabolic pathway]]s in the body.
 
==Synthesis==
Codeine-N-oxide can be synthesized through the [[oxidation]] of codeine using various [[chemical reagents]]. The process involves the introduction of an oxygen atom to the nitrogen in the [[tertiary amine]] group of codeine, resulting in the formation of the N-oxide.


==Medical Uses==
==Potential uses==
Codeine-N-oxide is used in the treatment of mild to moderate pain, as a cough suppressant, and for the relief of diarrhea. It is typically administered orally, often in combination with other medications such as [[acetaminophen]] or [[ibuprofen]].
Research into Codeine-N-oxide may explore its potential as an [[analgesic]] or [[antitussive]] agent, similar to codeine. However, its altered chemical structure may lead to differences in [[efficacy]] and [[side effects]].


==Side Effects==
==Related compounds==
Common side effects of codeine-N-oxide include drowsiness, constipation, and nausea. More serious side effects can include respiratory depression, addiction, and overdose.
* [[Codeine]]
* [[Morphine]]
* [[Thebaine]]
* [[Oxycodone]]


==See Also==
==Related pages==
* [[Opioid]]
* [[Opioid]]
* [[Morphine]]
* [[Analgesic]]
* [[Codeine]]
* [[Antitussive]]
* [[N-oxide]]


[[Category:Opioids]]
[[Category:Opioids]]
[[Category:Prodrugs]]
[[Category:Chemical compounds]]
[[Category:Phenanthrenes]]
[[Category:Morphinans]]
 
{{medicine-stub}}

Latest revision as of 11:33, 15 February 2025

An encyclopedia article about Codeine-N-oxide


Codeine-N-oxide[edit]

Chemical structure of Codeine-N-oxide

Codeine-N-oxide is a chemical compound that is a derivative of codeine, an opioid used for its analgesic and antitussive properties. Codeine-N-oxide is an oxidized form of codeine, where the nitrogen atom in the morphinan structure is bonded to an additional oxygen atom, forming an N-oxide.

Chemical properties[edit]

Codeine-N-oxide retains the basic molecular structure of codeine, with the addition of an oxygen atom bonded to the nitrogen. This modification can affect the compound's pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, potentially altering its bioavailability and metabolism compared to codeine.

Pharmacology[edit]

As an N-oxide derivative of codeine, Codeine-N-oxide may exhibit different pharmacological properties. The presence of the N-oxide group can influence the compound's ability to cross the blood-brain barrier, its binding affinity to opioid receptors, and its metabolic pathways in the body.

Synthesis[edit]

Codeine-N-oxide can be synthesized through the oxidation of codeine using various chemical reagents. The process involves the introduction of an oxygen atom to the nitrogen in the tertiary amine group of codeine, resulting in the formation of the N-oxide.

Potential uses[edit]

Research into Codeine-N-oxide may explore its potential as an analgesic or antitussive agent, similar to codeine. However, its altered chemical structure may lead to differences in efficacy and side effects.

Related compounds[edit]

Related pages[edit]