CYR61: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 11:01, 15 February 2025

CYR61 (CCN1)[edit]

CYR61, also known as CCN1, is a matricellular protein that plays a crucial role in cell signaling, development, and repair processes. It is a member of the CCN family of proteins, which are involved in various cellular functions including cell adhesion, migration, proliferation, and differentiation.

Structure[edit]

CYR61 is characterized by its modular structure, which includes several distinct domains that contribute to its diverse biological functions. The protein consists of the following domains:

An insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP) domain
A von Willebrand factor type C (vWC) domain
A thrombospondin type 1 (TSP1) repeat
A cysteine knot (CT) domain

These domains allow CYR61 to interact with a variety of cell surface receptors, extracellular matrix components, and growth factors.

Function[edit]

CYR61 is involved in numerous physiological processes, including:

Angiogenesis: CYR61 promotes the formation of new blood vessels by stimulating endothelial cell proliferation and migration.
Wound healing: It plays a role in tissue repair by modulating the activity of fibroblasts and other cell types involved in the healing process.
Development: CYR61 is essential for normal embryonic development, particularly in the formation of the cardiovascular system and skeletal system.

Clinical Significance[edit]

Alterations in CYR61 expression have been associated with various pathological conditions, including:

Cancer: Overexpression of CYR61 has been observed in several types of cancer, where it may contribute to tumor growth and metastasis.
Fibrosis: Dysregulation of CYR61 is implicated in fibrotic diseases, where excessive tissue scarring occurs.
Inflammation: CYR61 can modulate inflammatory responses, influencing the progression of inflammatory diseases.

Related Pages[edit]

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-'''CYR61''' (Cysteine-rich angiogenic inducer 61), also known as CCN1, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''CYR61'' gene. It is a member of the CCN family of secreted, matrix-associated proteins that play a pivotal role in cardiovascular and skeletal development, angiogenesis, and wound healing. CYR61 is involved in various cellular processes, including cell adhesion, migration, proliferation, and survival. Its expression is tightly regulated and occurs in response to a variety of growth factors and cytokines.
+== CYR61 (CCN1) ==
+[[File:CCN1_Protein_Structure.svg|thumb|right|Diagram of the CCN1 protein structure]]
+'''CYR61''', also known as '''CCN1''', is a matricellular protein that plays a crucial role in cell signaling, development, and repair processes. It is a member of the [[CCN family]] of proteins, which are involved in various cellular functions including [[cell adhesion]], [[migration]], [[proliferation]], and [[differentiation]].
+== Structure ==
+CYR61 is characterized by its modular structure, which includes several distinct domains that contribute to its diverse biological functions. The protein consists of the following domains:
+* An [[insulin-like growth factor binding protein]] (IGFBP) domain
+* A [[von Willebrand factor]] type C (vWC) domain
+* A thrombospondin type 1 (TSP1) repeat
+* A cysteine knot (CT) domain
+These domains allow CYR61 to interact with a variety of [[cell surface receptors]], [[extracellular matrix]] components, and [[growth factors]].
 == Function ==
-CYR61 is a matricellular protein that mediates cell-matrix interactions. It binds to integrins and heparan sulfate proteoglycans, leading to the activation of various signaling pathways that control cell behavior. CYR61 is a potent angiogenic factor, promoting endothelial cell proliferation and migration, which are essential steps in the formation of new blood vessels. This protein also plays a role in the regulation of inflammation and the immune response, as well as in the process of tissue repair and fibrosis.
-== Gene and Expression ==
+CYR61 is involved in numerous physiological processes, including:
-The ''CYR61'' gene is located on chromosome 1p22.3 and consists of multiple exons. The gene's expression is induced by several factors, including hypoxia, growth factors (such as VEGF and FGF), and cytokines (such as TNF-alpha and IL-6). CYR61 expression has been observed in various tissues, particularly those undergoing remodeling or repair, and in certain pathological conditions, such as cancer, where it can have either pro-tumorigenic or anti-tumorigenic effects depending on the context.
+* '''Angiogenesis''': CYR61 promotes the formation of new blood vessels by stimulating [[endothelial cell]] proliferation and migration.
+* '''Wound healing''': It plays a role in tissue repair by modulating the activity of [[fibroblasts]] and other cell types involved in the healing process.
+* '''Development''': CYR61 is essential for normal embryonic development, particularly in the formation of the [[cardiovascular system]] and [[skeletal system]].
 == Clinical Significance ==
-Due to its role in angiogenesis and tissue repair, CYR61 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and fibrotic disorders. In cancer, CYR61 can influence tumor growth, metastasis, and resistance to therapy. Its expression levels in tumors have been associated with patient prognosis in several types of cancer. In cardiovascular diseases, CYR61 contributes to the processes of atherosclerosis and restenosis following vascular injury. In fibrotic disorders, the protein's involvement in tissue repair and fibrosis has been a focus of research, with implications for the development of therapeutic strategies.
-== Therapeutic Potential ==
+Alterations in CYR61 expression have been associated with various pathological conditions, including:
-Given its role in angiogenesis, wound healing, and tissue remodeling, CYR61 represents a potential therapeutic target. Modulating CYR61 activity could be beneficial in treating diseases characterized by excessive or insufficient angiogenesis and fibrosis. However, the dual roles of CYR61 in various processes and diseases necessitate a careful approach to targeting this protein, as interventions could have unintended consequences.
+* '''Cancer''': Overexpression of CYR61 has been observed in several types of [[cancer]], where it may contribute to tumor growth and metastasis.
+* '''Fibrosis''': Dysregulation of CYR61 is implicated in fibrotic diseases, where excessive tissue scarring occurs.
+* '''Inflammation''': CYR61 can modulate inflammatory responses, influencing the progression of inflammatory diseases.
-== See Also ==
+== Related Pages ==
-* [[Angiogenesis]]
-* [[Integrin]]
-* [[Matrix metalloproteinase]]
-* [[Fibrosis]]
-* [[Vascular endothelial growth factor]]
-== References ==
+* [[CCN family]]
-<references/>
+* [[Matricellular proteins]]
+* [[Cell signaling]]
+* [[Extracellular matrix]]
-[[Category:Genes on human chromosome 1]]
+[[Category:Proteins]]
-[[Category:Human proteins]]
+[[Category:Cell signaling]]
-{{Medicine-stub}}
+[[Category:Developmental biology]]