Enoxacin: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 03:51, 13 February 2025

An article about the antibiotic Enoxacin

Overview[edit]

Enoxacin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that belongs to the class of fluoroquinolones. It is used to treat a variety of bacterial infections by inhibiting bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, which are essential for bacterial DNA replication and transcription.

Mechanism of Action[edit]

Enoxacin works by interfering with the DNA replication process in bacteria. It targets the DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV enzymes, which are crucial for the supercoiling and uncoiling of bacterial DNA. By inhibiting these enzymes, enoxacin prevents the bacteria from replicating and transcribing their DNA, leading to bacterial cell death.

Pharmacokinetics[edit]

Enoxacin is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract when administered orally. It has a bioavailability of approximately 90%. The drug is widely distributed throughout the body and can penetrate tissues and fluids, including the urinary tract, prostate, and lungs. Enoxacin is metabolized in the liver and excreted primarily in the urine.

Clinical Uses[edit]

Enoxacin is used to treat a variety of infections, including:

Side Effects[edit]

Common side effects of enoxacin include nausea, diarrhea, dizziness, and headache. Serious side effects can include tendonitis and tendon rupture, particularly in older adults and those taking corticosteroids.

Contraindications[edit]

Enoxacin is contraindicated in patients with a known hypersensitivity to fluoroquinolones. It should be used with caution in patients with a history of seizures or epilepsy.

Related pages[edit]

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-'''Enoxacin''' is a broad-spectrum [[fluoroquinolone]] [[antibiotic]] used in the treatment of bacterial infections. It is particularly effective against [[Gram-negative bacteria]], and is commonly prescribed for the treatment of urinary tract infections, gonorrhea, and certain types of [[prostatitis]]. Enoxacin works by inhibiting bacterial [[DNA gyrase]] and topoisomerase IV, enzymes critical for DNA replication and cell division, leading to the death of the bacterial cells.
+{{Short description|An article about the antibiotic Enoxacin}}
+==Overview==
+[[File:Enoxacin.svg|thumb|right|Chemical structure of Enoxacin]]
+'''Enoxacin''' is a broad-spectrum [[antibiotic]] that belongs to the class of [[fluoroquinolones]]. It is used to treat a variety of bacterial infections by inhibiting bacterial [[DNA gyrase]] and [[topoisomerase IV]], which are essential for bacterial DNA replication and transcription.
 ==Mechanism of Action==
-Enoxacin acts by binding to the A subunit of bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, enzymes necessary for supercoiling and uncoiling of bacterial DNA. This binding inhibits the normal functioning of these enzymes, preventing DNA replication, transcription, repair, and recombination. As a result, enoxacin effectively halts the growth and proliferation of susceptible bacteria.
+Enoxacin works by interfering with the [[DNA replication]] process in bacteria. It targets the [[DNA gyrase]] and [[topoisomerase IV]] enzymes, which are crucial for the supercoiling and uncoiling of bacterial DNA. By inhibiting these enzymes, enoxacin prevents the bacteria from replicating and transcribing their DNA, leading to bacterial cell death.
 ==Pharmacokinetics==
-After oral administration, enoxacin is rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. It has a bioavailability of approximately 90%, making it highly effective when taken by mouth. Enoxacin is widely distributed throughout the body, including to the kidneys, lungs, and genital tissues, which makes it suitable for treating infections in these areas. It is metabolized in the liver and primarily excreted in the urine, with a half-life of about 4 to 6 hours.
+Enoxacin is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract when administered orally. It has a bioavailability of approximately 90%. The drug is widely distributed throughout the body and can penetrate tissues and fluids, including the [[urinary tract]], [[prostate]], and [[lungs]]. Enoxacin is metabolized in the liver and excreted primarily in the urine.
-==Indications==
+==Clinical Uses==
-Enoxacin is indicated for the treatment of various bacterial infections, including:
+Enoxacin is used to treat a variety of infections, including:
-* [[Urinary tract infection]]s (UTIs)
+* [[Urinary tract infections]]
+* [[Prostatitis]]
 * [[Gonorrhea]]
-* [[Prostatitis]] caused by susceptible strains of bacteria
+* [[Respiratory tract infections]]
-It may also be used off-label for other types of infections as determined by a healthcare provider.
 ==Side Effects==
-Like all medications, enoxacin can cause side effects. Common side effects include:
+Common side effects of enoxacin include [[nausea]], [[diarrhea]], [[dizziness]], and [[headache]]. Serious side effects can include [[tendonitis]] and [[tendon rupture]], particularly in older adults and those taking corticosteroids.
-* Nausea
-* Diarrhea
-* Dizziness
-* Headache
-* Photosensitivity
-More serious side effects can occur but are less common. These include tendon rupture, peripheral neuropathy, and central nervous system effects such as seizures. Patients should be advised to seek medical attention if they experience any severe or persistent side effects.
 ==Contraindications==
-Enoxacin is contraindicated in patients with a known hypersensitivity to enoxacin or other fluoroquinolones. It should be used with caution in individuals with a history of tendon disorders or those taking corticosteroids, as this may increase the risk of tendon rupture.
+Enoxacin is contraindicated in patients with a known hypersensitivity to fluoroquinolones. It should be used with caution in patients with a history of [[seizures]] or [[epilepsy]].
-==Drug Interactions==
-Enoxacin can interact with several other medications, potentially altering their effects. These include:
-* Antacids, supplements, and other products containing [[magnesium]], [[aluminum]], [[calcium]], or [[iron]], which can reduce the absorption of enoxacin
-* [[Caffeine]], as enoxacin can increase the half-life of caffeine, leading to caffeine-related side effects
-* [[Warfarin]] and other anticoagulants, as enoxacin can enhance their effects, increasing the risk of bleeding
-Patients should inform their healthcare provider of all medications and supplements they are taking before starting treatment with enoxacin.
+==Related pages==
+* [[Fluoroquinolone]]
-==Conclusion==
+* [[Antibiotic]]
-Enoxacin is a valuable antibiotic in the treatment of various bacterial infections, especially those caused by Gram-negative bacteria. Its mechanism of action, targeting DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, makes it effective in inhibiting bacterial growth and proliferation. While generally safe and well-tolerated, patients should be aware of potential side effects and drug interactions. As with all antibiotics, it is important to complete the full course of treatment to prevent the development of antibiotic resistance.
+* [[DNA gyrase]]
+* [[Topoisomerase IV]]
 [[Category:Antibiotics]]
 [[Category:Fluoroquinolones]]
-{{pharmacology-stub}}