Delafloxacin: Difference between revisions

Delafloxacin
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Revision as of 03:45, 13 February 2025

An overview of the antibiotic Delafloxacin

Delafloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic used in the treatment of bacterial infections. It is particularly effective against Gram-positive bacteria, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and some Gram-negative bacteria.

Mechanism of Action

Delafloxacin works by inhibiting bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, enzymes critical for DNA replication and transcription. This inhibition leads to the disruption of bacterial DNA synthesis, ultimately resulting in bacterial cell death.

Pharmacokinetics

Delafloxacin is available in both oral and intravenous formulations. It is well absorbed when taken orally, with a bioavailability of approximately 60%. The drug is widely distributed throughout the body and is primarily excreted via the kidneys.

Clinical Uses

Delafloxacin is approved for the treatment of acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections (ABSSSI) and community-acquired bacterial pneumonia (CABP). Its broad-spectrum activity makes it a valuable option in treating infections caused by resistant bacterial strains.

Side Effects

Common side effects of delafloxacin include nausea, diarrhea, and headache. Like other fluoroquinolones, it carries a risk of tendinitis and tendon rupture, particularly in older adults and those on concurrent corticosteroid therapy.

Resistance

Bacterial resistance to delafloxacin can occur through mutations in the target enzymes or through efflux pump mechanisms. However, delafloxacin has been shown to retain activity against some strains resistant to other fluoroquinolones.

Related pages

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-{{intro}}
+{{Short description|An overview of the antibiotic Delafloxacin}}
-Delafloxacin is a fourth generation fluoroquinolone with expanded activity against [[gram-positive bacteria]] as well as atypical pathogens.
+{{Drugbox
+| verifiedfields = changed
+| verifiedrevid = 123456789
+| image = Delafloxacin.svg
+| image_size = 250px
+| image_alt = Chemical structure of Delafloxacin
+}}
-{{livtox}}
+'''Delafloxacin''' is a [[fluoroquinolone]] [[antibiotic]] used in the treatment of [[bacterial infections]]. It is particularly effective against [[Gram-positive bacteria]], including [[methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus]] (MRSA), and some [[Gram-negative bacteria]].
-Delafloxacin has been linked to mild ALT elevations during therapy, but has yet to be linked to instances of idiosyncratic acute liver injury with symptoms and jaundice as have been described with other fluoroquinolones.
-{{moa}}
+==Mechanism of Action==
-Delafloxacin (del" a flox' a sin) is a fourth generation fluoroquinolone with expanded activity against gram-positive bacteria including multidrug resistant strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae.  Like other fluoroquinolones, delafloxacin is active against a wide range of aerobic gram-positive and gram-negative organisms.  The quinolones are believed to act by inhibition of type II DNA topoisomerases (gyrases) that are required for synthesis of bacterial mRNAs (transcription) and DNA replication.
+Delafloxacin works by inhibiting bacterial [[DNA gyrase]] and [[topoisomerase IV]], enzymes critical for [[DNA replication]] and [[transcription]]. This inhibition leads to the disruption of bacterial [[DNA synthesis]], ultimately resulting in bacterial cell death.
-{{fda}}
+==Pharmacokinetics==
-Delafloxacin was approved for use in the United States in 2018 and is available under the commercial name Baxdela.  Current indications are limited to skin and skin structure infections due to sensitive organisms.
+Delafloxacin is available in both oral and intravenous formulations. It is well absorbed when taken orally, with a bioavailability of approximately 60%. The drug is widely distributed throughout the body and is primarily excreted via the [[kidneys]].
-{{dose}}
+==Clinical Uses==
-Delafloxacin is available in both oral and parenteral formulations as 450 mg tablets and as 300 mg of a lyophilized powder in a single dose vial for reconstitution.  The recommended regimen is an oral dose of 450 mg every 12 hours or by intravenous infusion every 12 hours for 5 to 14 days.
+Delafloxacin is approved for the treatment of [[acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections]] (ABSSSI) and [[community-acquired bacterial pneumonia]] (CABP). Its broad-spectrum activity makes it a valuable option in treating infections caused by resistant bacterial strains.
-{{se}}
+==Side Effects==
-* Common side effects include gastrointestinal upset, nausea, diarrhea, headache, skin rash and allergic reactions.
+Common side effects of delafloxacin include [[nausea]], [[diarrhea]], and [[headache]]. Like other fluoroquinolones, it carries a risk of [[tendinitis]] and [[tendon rupture]], particularly in older adults and those on concurrent [[corticosteroid]] therapy.
-* Less common, but more severe side effects of delafloxacin that are shared by other fluoroquinolones include seizures, hallucinations, peripheral neuropathy, tendon rupture, angioedema, photosensitivity and Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea.
-{{flouroquinolones}}
+==Resistance==
-{{coststubd}}
+Bacterial resistance to delafloxacin can occur through mutations in the target enzymes or through efflux pump mechanisms. However, delafloxacin has been shown to retain activity against some strains resistant to other fluoroquinolones.
+==Related pages==
+* [[Fluoroquinolone]]
+* [[Antibiotic resistance]]
+* [[Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus]]
+[[Category:Antibiotics]]
+[[Category:Fluoroquinolones]]