TRPC

TRPC (Transient Receptor Potential Canonical) is a group of ion channels located in the cell membrane of numerous animal cell types. These channels are best known for their role in assisting the flow of calcium ions into cells, which is a crucial process for many cell functions.

Structure

TRPC channels are composed of six transmembrane segments (S1–S6), with a loop between S5 and S6 forming the ion pore. The C- and N-termini of the protein are located intracellularly. The N-terminus contains ankyrin repeats and a coiled-coil domain, while the C-terminus contains a TRP box and a coiled-coil domain.

Function

TRPC channels are non-selective cation channels that are activated in response to a variety of stimuli, including G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) and receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). They are involved in many physiological processes, such as sensory transduction, cell growth and development, and the regulation of intracellular calcium levels.

TRPC Subtypes

There are seven known subtypes of TRPC channels, named TRPC1 through TRPC7. Each subtype has unique properties and distribution patterns within the body. For example, TRPC1 is widely expressed in many tissues and organs, while TRPC6 is primarily found in the kidney and cardiovascular system.

Clinical Significance

Mutations in TRPC channels have been linked to a variety of diseases. For example, mutations in TRPC6 have been associated with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, a disease that causes kidney damage. Similarly, mutations in TRPC3 are associated with spinocerebellar ataxia, a disorder characterized by uncoordinated movement.

See Also

• Ion channel
• Calcium channel
• G-protein coupled receptor
• Receptor tyrosine kinase

References

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