Tropicamide: Difference between revisions

Tropicamide
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Revision as of 00:02, 10 February 2025

A medication used to dilate the pupil

Tropicamide is a medication primarily used to dilate the pupil for ophthalmic examinations. It is classified as a muscarinic receptor antagonist and is commonly used in optometry and ophthalmology.

Medical uses

Tropicamide is used to facilitate the examination of the retina and other structures in the back of the eye. It is often administered in the form of eye drops. The drug works by temporarily paralyzing the muscles in the eye that constrict the pupil, allowing for a better view of the internal structures.

Mechanism of action

Tropicamide functions as a muscarinic antagonist, specifically blocking the muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in the eye. This action inhibits the constriction of the pupil, leading to mydriasis (dilation of the pupil). The effect is usually temporary, with the pupil returning to its normal size after a few hours.

Side effects

Common side effects of tropicamide include increased sensitivity to light (due to the dilated pupil) and blurred vision. In rare cases, it can cause an increase in intraocular pressure, which may be a concern for individuals with glaucoma.

Pharmacokinetics

Tropicamide is rapidly absorbed into the eye, with effects typically beginning within 15 to 30 minutes after administration. The duration of action is relatively short, usually lasting for 4 to 8 hours.

Chemical structure

Tropicamide is a synthetic compound with the chemical formula C₁₇H₂₀N₂O₂. It is available as a racemic mixture, containing both the (R)- and (S)-enantiomers.

Anisocoria induced by tropicamide
Structural formula of (R)-Tropicamide
Structural formula of (S)-Tropicamide

History

Tropicamide was first introduced in the mid-20th century and has since become a standard agent for pupil dilation in eye examinations. Its rapid onset and short duration of action make it a preferred choice for many eye care professionals.

Related pages

References

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-'''Tropicamide''' is a [[drug]] used in [[ophthalmology]] to dilate the [[pupil]] and relax the [[lens]] of the [[eye]]. It is classified as an [[anticholinergic]] agent, specifically a [[muscarinic antagonist]], and is commercially available as an [[eye drop]] solution.
+{{Short description|A medication used to dilate the pupil}}
+{{Drugbox
+| verifiedfields = changed
+| verifiedrevid = 477002123
+| image = Tropicamide.svg
+| width = 200
+}}
-==Pharmacology==
+'''Tropicamide''' is a medication primarily used to dilate the pupil for ophthalmic examinations. It is classified as a [[muscarinic receptor antagonist]] and is commonly used in [[optometry]] and [[ophthalmology]].
-Tropicamide works by blocking the [[muscarinic acetylcholine receptors]] in the muscles of the eye. This results in the relaxation of the [[ciliary muscle]] and the [[sphincter muscle of the iris]], leading to dilation of the pupil (mydriasis) and paralysis of the lens (cycloplegia).
-==Uses==
+==Medical uses==
-Tropicamide is primarily used in ophthalmology for diagnostic purposes. It allows for a more thorough examination of the [[retina]] and other internal structures of the eye. It is also used in the treatment of certain [[eye diseases]], such as [[iritis]] and [[uveitis]], to prevent painful spasms of the ciliary muscle.
+Tropicamide is used to facilitate the examination of the [[retina]] and other structures in the back of the eye. It is often administered in the form of eye drops. The drug works by temporarily paralyzing the muscles in the eye that constrict the pupil, allowing for a better view of the internal structures.
-==Side Effects==
+==Mechanism of action==
-Common side effects of tropicamide include blurred vision, sensitivity to light, and a temporary increase in [[intraocular pressure]]. Rare but serious side effects can include [[allergic reactions]], [[hallucinations]], and [[psychosis]].
+Tropicamide functions as a [[muscarinic antagonist]], specifically blocking the [[muscarinic acetylcholine receptor]]s in the eye. This action inhibits the constriction of the pupil, leading to [[mydriasis]] (dilation of the pupil). The effect is usually temporary, with the pupil returning to its normal size after a few hours.
-==Contraindications==
+==Side effects==
-Tropicamide is contraindicated in individuals with [[glaucoma]] or a predisposition to glaucoma, as it can increase intraocular pressure and exacerbate the condition. It should also be used with caution in individuals with [[heart disease]] or [[prostate problems]], as it can have systemic effects.
+Common side effects of tropicamide include increased sensitivity to light (due to the dilated pupil) and blurred vision. In rare cases, it can cause an increase in [[intraocular pressure]], which may be a concern for individuals with [[glaucoma]].
+==Pharmacokinetics==
+Tropicamide is rapidly absorbed into the eye, with effects typically beginning within 15 to 30 minutes after administration. The duration of action is relatively short, usually lasting for 4 to 8 hours.
+==Chemical structure==
+Tropicamide is a synthetic compound with the chemical formula C<sub>17</sub>H<sub>20</sub>N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>. It is available as a racemic mixture, containing both the (R)- and (S)-enantiomers.
+<gallery>
+File:Anizokoria.JPG|Anisocoria induced by tropicamide
+File:(R)-Tropicamid_Structural_Formula_V1.svg|Structural formula of (R)-Tropicamide
+File:(S)-Tropicamid_Structural_Formula_V1.svg|Structural formula of (S)-Tropicamide
+</gallery>
 ==History==
-Tropicamide was first synthesized in the 1960s and has since become a standard tool in ophthalmology. It is typically used in a 0.5% or 1% solution, with effects lasting up to several hours.
+Tropicamide was first introduced in the mid-20th century and has since become a standard agent for pupil dilation in eye examinations. Its rapid onset and short duration of action make it a preferred choice for many eye care professionals.
+==Related pages==
+* [[Mydriatic]]
+* [[Ophthalmology]]
+* [[Muscarinic antagonist]]
-==See Also==
+==References==
-* [[Cyclopentolate]]
+{{Reflist}}
-* [[Phenylephrine]]
-* [[Atropine]]
-[[Category:Drugs]]
 [[Category:Ophthalmology]]
-[[Category:Anticholinergic drugs]]
+[[Category:Muscarinic antagonists]]
-{{medicine-stub}}
-{{pharma-stub}}
-{{eye-stub}}