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[[ | |||
{{Infobox medical condition | |||
| name = Hypertension | |||
| image = <!-- Image of hypertension --> | |||
| caption = <!-- Caption for the image --> | |||
| field = Cardiology | |||
| symptoms = [[Headache]], [[dizziness]], [[shortness of breath]] | |||
| complications = [[Heart disease]], [[stroke]], [[kidney failure]] | |||
| onset = Gradual | |||
| duration = Long term | |||
| causes = [[Genetics]], [[diet]], [[lifestyle]] | |||
| risks = [[Obesity]], [[smoking]], [[alcohol consumption]] | |||
| diagnosis = [[Blood pressure measurement]] | |||
| treatment = [[Lifestyle changes]], [[medication]] | |||
| frequency = Common | |||
}} | |||
'''Hypertension''', also known as '''high blood pressure''', is a chronic medical condition in which the [[blood pressure]] in the [[arteries]] is persistently elevated. It is a major risk factor for [[cardiovascular disease]], including [[heart attack]] and [[stroke]]. | |||
== Signs and Symptoms == | |||
Hypertension is often called the "silent killer" because it typically has no symptoms until it has caused significant damage to the [[heart]] and [[arteries]]. Some people with high blood pressure may experience [[headaches]], [[dizziness]], or [[shortness of breath]]. | |||
== Causes == | |||
The exact cause of hypertension is often unknown, but several factors can contribute to its development, including: | |||
* [[Genetics]] | |||
* [[Unhealthy diet]], particularly high [[salt]] intake | |||
* [[Lack of physical activity]] | |||
* [[Obesity]] | |||
* [[Excessive alcohol consumption]] | |||
* [[Smoking]] | |||
== Diagnosis == | |||
Hypertension is diagnosed by measuring blood pressure using a [[sphygmomanometer]]. A reading of 140/90 mmHg or higher is generally considered high. | |||
== Treatment == | |||
Treatment for hypertension typically involves lifestyle changes and medication. Lifestyle changes may include: | |||
* Eating a [[healthy diet]] | |||
* Reducing [[salt]] intake | |||
* Engaging in regular [[physical activity]] | |||
* Maintaining a [[healthy weight]] | |||
* Limiting [[alcohol consumption]] | |||
* Quitting [[smoking]] | |||
Medications used to treat hypertension include [[diuretics]], [[beta-blockers]], [[ACE inhibitors]], and [[calcium channel blockers]]. | |||
== Complications == | |||
If left untreated, hypertension can lead to serious health problems, including: | |||
* [[Heart disease]] | |||
* [[Stroke]] | |||
* [[Kidney failure]] | |||
* [[Vision loss]] | |||
== Prevention == | |||
Preventing hypertension involves adopting a healthy lifestyle, such as eating a balanced diet, exercising regularly, and avoiding tobacco and excessive alcohol use. | |||
== See Also == | |||
* [[Cardiovascular disease]] | |||
* [[Blood pressure]] | |||
* [[Heart attack]] | |||
== References == | |||
{{Reflist}} | |||
== External Links == | |||
* [https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hypertension World Health Organization: Hypertension] | |||
* [https://www.cdc.gov/bloodpressure/index.htm CDC: High Blood Pressure] | |||
[[Category:Cardiology]] | |||
[[Category:Hypertension]] | |||
[[Category:Medical conditions]] | |||
Revision as of 20:34, 30 December 2024
| Hypertension | |
|---|---|
| Synonyms | N/A |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Headache, dizziness, shortness of breath |
| Complications | Heart disease, stroke, kidney failure |
| Onset | Gradual |
| Duration | Long term |
| Types | N/A |
| Causes | Genetics, diet, lifestyle |
| Risks | Obesity, smoking, alcohol consumption |
| Diagnosis | Blood pressure measurement |
| Differential diagnosis | N/A |
| Prevention | N/A |
| Treatment | Lifestyle changes, medication |
| Medication | N/A |
| Prognosis | N/A |
| Frequency | Common |
| Deaths | N/A |
Hypertension, also known as high blood pressure, is a chronic medical condition in which the blood pressure in the arteries is persistently elevated. It is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, including heart attack and stroke.
Signs and Symptoms
Hypertension is often called the "silent killer" because it typically has no symptoms until it has caused significant damage to the heart and arteries. Some people with high blood pressure may experience headaches, dizziness, or shortness of breath.
Causes
The exact cause of hypertension is often unknown, but several factors can contribute to its development, including:
- Genetics
- Unhealthy diet, particularly high salt intake
- Lack of physical activity
- Obesity
- Excessive alcohol consumption
- Smoking
Diagnosis
Hypertension is diagnosed by measuring blood pressure using a sphygmomanometer. A reading of 140/90 mmHg or higher is generally considered high.
Treatment
Treatment for hypertension typically involves lifestyle changes and medication. Lifestyle changes may include:
- Eating a healthy diet
- Reducing salt intake
- Engaging in regular physical activity
- Maintaining a healthy weight
- Limiting alcohol consumption
- Quitting smoking
Medications used to treat hypertension include diuretics, beta-blockers, ACE inhibitors, and calcium channel blockers.
Complications
If left untreated, hypertension can lead to serious health problems, including:
Prevention
Preventing hypertension involves adopting a healthy lifestyle, such as eating a balanced diet, exercising regularly, and avoiding tobacco and excessive alcohol use.
See Also
References
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