Polo-like kinase: Difference between revisions

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== Polo-like Kinase ==


[[File:Polo-like_kinase_logo.png|thumb|right|Polo-like kinase logo]]
{{Infobox protein
| name = Polo-like kinase
| image = <!-- Image removed -->
| caption = <!-- Caption removed -->
| symbol = PLK
| alt_symbols = PLK1, PLK2, PLK3, PLK4, PLK5
| EntrezGene = 5347
| HGNCid = 9077
| OMIM = 602098
| RefSeq = NM_005030
| UniProt = P53350
}}


'''Polo-like kinase''' (PLK) is a family of serine/threonine protein kinases that play crucial roles in cell cycle regulation and various cellular processes. They are named after their homology to the Drosophila melanogaster protein called Polo, which is involved in regulating cell division in flies. In humans, there are four known members of the PLK family: PLK1, PLK2, PLK3, and PLK4.
'''Polo-like kinases''' (PLKs) are a family of [[serine/threonine-protein kinases]] that play critical roles in the regulation of the [[cell cycle]], particularly during [[mitosis]]. They are named after the ''[[Drosophila melanogaster|Drosophila]]'' gene ''polo'', which is essential for [[mitotic spindle]] formation.


=== Discovery and Structure ===
== Function ==
Polo-like kinases are involved in various stages of cell division, including the activation of [[CDK1|cyclin-dependent kinase 1]] (CDK1), the maturation of the [[centrosome]], the formation of the mitotic spindle, and the regulation of [[cytokinesis]]. PLKs are also implicated in the [[DNA damage response]] and the maintenance of [[genomic stability]].


The first member of the PLK family, PLK1, was discovered in the late 1990s and has since been extensively studied. PLK1 is composed of multiple functional domains, including a kinase domain responsible for phosphorylation, a polo-box domain involved in substrate recognition, and a C-terminal domain that regulates protein-protein interactions.
== Isoforms ==
There are five known isoforms of polo-like kinases in humans:
* '''PLK1''': The most studied member, PLK1 is crucial for the progression of mitosis and is often overexpressed in [[cancer]] cells.
* '''PLK2''': Also known as [[serum-inducible kinase]], PLK2 is involved in [[synaptic plasticity]] and [[neuronal development]].
* '''PLK3''': Plays a role in the response to [[DNA damage]] and [[oxidative stress]].
* '''PLK4''': Essential for [[centriole duplication]] and is a key regulator of [[cell cycle]] progression.
* '''PLK5''': A less characterized member, PLK5 is thought to have a role in [[neuronal differentiation]].


=== Functions ===
== Clinical Significance ==
Due to their pivotal role in cell division, polo-like kinases are considered potential targets for [[cancer therapy]]. Inhibitors of PLK1, such as [[volasertib]], are being investigated in clinical trials for their efficacy in treating various types of cancer.


PLKs are primarily known for their roles in cell cycle regulation, particularly in mitosis. They are involved in various processes such as centrosome maturation, spindle assembly, chromosome segregation, and cytokinesis. PLKs also play important roles in DNA damage response, DNA replication, and cell survival.
== See Also ==
 
* [[Cell cycle]]
=== Regulation ===
* [[Mitosis]]
 
* [[Protein kinase]]
The activity of PLKs is tightly regulated to ensure proper cell cycle progression. They are subject to multiple levels of regulation, including phosphorylation, protein-protein interactions, and subcellular localization. PLKs are activated by phosphorylation of specific residues within their activation loops, and their activity is further modulated by interactions with other proteins and localization to specific cellular structures.
* [[Cancer therapy]]
 
=== Clinical Significance ===
 
Due to their critical roles in cell cycle regulation, PLKs have emerged as potential targets for cancer therapy. Overexpression of PLK1 has been observed in various types of cancer, and its inhibition has shown promising results in preclinical and clinical studies. Several PLK inhibitors are currently being developed and tested as anticancer drugs.


=== References ===
== References ==
<references/>


<references />
== External Links ==
 
* [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/5347 PLK1 Gene - NCBI]
== See Also ==
* [https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P53350 PLK1 - UniProt]
 
* [[Cell Cycle]]
* [[Protein Kinase]]
* [[Mitosis]]
* [[Cancer Therapy]]


[[Category:Cell Biology]]
[[Category:Protein kinases]]
[[Category:Protein Kinases]]
[[Category:Cell cycle]]
[[Category:Cell Cycle]]
[[Category:Cancer research]]
[[Category:Cancer Research]]
[[Category:Enzymes]]
[[Category:Biological Processes]]

Latest revision as of 16:47, 29 December 2024


Polo-like kinases (PLKs) are a family of serine/threonine-protein kinases that play critical roles in the regulation of the cell cycle, particularly during mitosis. They are named after the Drosophila gene polo, which is essential for mitotic spindle formation.

Function[edit]

Polo-like kinases are involved in various stages of cell division, including the activation of cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1), the maturation of the centrosome, the formation of the mitotic spindle, and the regulation of cytokinesis. PLKs are also implicated in the DNA damage response and the maintenance of genomic stability.

Isoforms[edit]

There are five known isoforms of polo-like kinases in humans:

Clinical Significance[edit]

Due to their pivotal role in cell division, polo-like kinases are considered potential targets for cancer therapy. Inhibitors of PLK1, such as volasertib, are being investigated in clinical trials for their efficacy in treating various types of cancer.

See Also[edit]

References[edit]

<references/>

External Links[edit]

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