Dexmethylphenidate: Difference between revisions

Dexmethylphenidate
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Revision as of 02:44, 11 December 2024

Overview of the medication Dexmethylphenidate

Dexmethylphenidate is a medication primarily used in the treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in children and adults. It is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant and is the active isomer of methylphenidate, which is a commonly prescribed medication for ADHD.

Pharmacology

Dexmethylphenidate works by increasing the levels of certain neurotransmitters in the brain, particularly dopamine and norepinephrine. These neurotransmitters play a key role in attention and behavior regulation. By enhancing their activity, dexmethylphenidate helps improve focus, attention, and impulse control in individuals with ADHD.

Dosage and Administration

Dexmethylphenidate is available in both immediate-release and extended-release formulations. The dosage is typically individualized based on the patient's needs and response to the medication. It is usually taken orally, once or twice a day, depending on the formulation.

Side Effects

Common side effects of dexmethylphenidate include:

Insomnia
Loss of appetite
Weight loss
Increased heart rate
Anxiety

Serious side effects, although rare, can include:

Cardiovascular events
Psychiatric symptoms such as hallucinations or mania

Contraindications

Dexmethylphenidate should not be used in individuals with:

Known hypersensitivity to methylphenidate or any of its components
Severe anxiety, tension, or agitation
Glaucoma
A history of Tourette syndrome or other tic disorders

Interactions

Dexmethylphenidate can interact with other medications, including:

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)
Antihypertensive drugs
Other CNS stimulants

Regulation and Legal Status

Dexmethylphenidate is classified as a Schedule II controlled substance in the United States, indicating a high potential for abuse and dependence.

Also see

References

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-= Dexmethylphenidate =
+{{Short description|Overview of the medication Dexmethylphenidate}}
+{{Drugbox
+| Verifiedfields = changed
+| verifiedrevid = 477002295
+| IUPAC_name = (2R)-2-phenyl-2-[(2R)-piperidin-2-yl]acetate
+| image = Dexmethylphenidate structure.svg
+| width = 200px
+}}
-'''Dexmethylphenidate''' (dex-MEH-thul-FEH-nih-dayt) is a pharmacological substance primarily recognized as a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant. It has been studied for its potential in treating fatigue and nervous system side effects caused by chemotherapy. As a CNS stimulant, dexmethylphenidate is structurally similar to methylphenidate, a well-known medication used for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
+'''Dexmethylphenidate''' is a medication primarily used in the treatment of [[Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder]] (ADHD) in children and adults. It is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant and is the active isomer of [[methylphenidate]], which is a commonly prescribed medication for ADHD.
-<youtube>
+==Pharmacology==
-title='''{{PAGENAME}}'''
+Dexmethylphenidate works by increasing the levels of certain neurotransmitters in the brain, particularly [[dopamine]] and [[norepinephrine]]. These neurotransmitters play a key role in attention and behavior regulation. By enhancing their activity, dexmethylphenidate helps improve focus, attention, and impulse control in individuals with ADHD.
-movie_url=http://www.youtube.com/v/bOu-xCqDdYI
-&rel=1
-embed_source_url=http://www.youtube.com/v/bOu-xCqDdYI
-&rel=1
-wrap = yes
-width=750
-height=600
-</youtube>
-== Overview ==
+==Dosage and Administration==
-Dexmethylphenidate is the dextrorotary form of methylphenidate and is believed to be more pharmacologically active. It functions by increasing the levels of neurotransmitters, such as dopamine and norepinephrine, in the brain.
+Dexmethylphenidate is available in both immediate-release and extended-release formulations. The dosage is typically individualized based on the patient's needs and response to the medication. It is usually taken orally, once or twice a day, depending on the formulation.
-[[File:Dexmethylphenidate.svg|thumb|Chemical structure of dexmethylphenidate.]]
+==Side Effects==
+Common side effects of dexmethylphenidate include:
+* Insomnia
+* Loss of appetite
+* Weight loss
+* Increased heart rate
+* Anxiety
-== Clinical Studies and Applications ==
+Serious side effects, although rare, can include:
-Clinical studies have explored dexmethylphenidate for managing fatigue and cognitive side effects in patients undergoing chemotherapy. The drug's potential to improve concentration and reduce fatigue could significantly enhance the quality of life for cancer patients.
+* Cardiovascular events
+* Psychiatric symptoms such as hallucinations or mania
-== Pharmacology ==
+==Contraindications==
-Dexmethylphenidate is a potent CNS stimulant. It inhibits the reuptake of dopamine and norepinephrine, leading to increased concentrations in the synaptic cleft and enhanced neurotransmission.
+Dexmethylphenidate should not be used in individuals with:
+* Known hypersensitivity to methylphenidate or any of its components
+* Severe anxiety, tension, or agitation
+* Glaucoma
+* A history of [[Tourette syndrome]] or other tic disorders
-== Side Effects ==
+==Interactions==
-As with other CNS stimulants, dexmethylphenidate may have side effects, including insomnia, appetite loss, increased heart rate, and potential for abuse. Its use is contraindicated in patients with certain heart conditions.
+Dexmethylphenidate can interact with other medications, including:
+* [[Monoamine oxidase inhibitors]] (MAOIs)
+* Antihypertensive drugs
+* Other CNS stimulants
-== Regulatory Status ==
+==Regulation and Legal Status==
-While primarily approved for ADHD, its off-label use for chemotherapy-related symptoms is an area of ongoing research. Regulatory approvals vary by country and indication.
+Dexmethylphenidate is classified as a Schedule II controlled substance in the United States, indicating a high potential for abuse and dependence.
-== Use in Chemotherapy-Induced Fatigue ==
+==Also see==
-The potential use of dexmethylphenidate in managing chemotherapy-induced fatigue represents a novel application. It addresses a significant symptom that impacts patient well-being and therapy adherence.
+* [[Methylphenidate]]
+* [[Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder]]
+* [[Central Nervous System Stimulants]]
-[[File:Dexmethylphenidate structure.svg|thumb|A patient undergoing chemotherapy treatment.]]
+==References==
+{{Reflist}}
-== Ethical and Safety Considerations ==
+[[Category:Stimulants]]
-Prescribing CNS stimulants like dexmethylphenidate, particularly for off-label uses, requires careful consideration of the benefits and risks, including potential for dependency and impact on underlying conditions.
+[[Category:ADHD medications]]
+[[Category:Phenethylamines]]
-== External Links ==
-* [https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/drugs/dexmethylphenidate National Cancer Institute - Dexmethylphenidate]
-* [https://www.fda.gov/drugs Drug Information - FDA]
-== References ==
-<references/>
-* ''Clinical use of CNS stimulants in cancer patients'' by Jane Doe et al.
-* ''Dexmethylphenidate in the treatment of chemotherapy-induced fatigue and cognitive dysfunction'' by John Smith et al.
-[[Category:Central nervous system stimulants]]
-[[Category:Chemotherapy]]
-[[Category:Pharmacology]]
-{{stub}}