Chromosome 16: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 17:23, 13 August 2024

Chromosome 16 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans. People normally have two copies of this chromosome. Chromosome 16 spans about 90 million base pairs (the building blocks of DNA) and represents approximately 3% of the total DNA in cells.

Structure

Chromosome 16 is classified as a metacentric chromosome, meaning its centromere is positioned near the center, making the arms of the chromosome of roughly equal length. The precise number of genes varies, but it is estimated that it contains around 900 genes that are responsible for various genetic functions and traits.

Genetic and medical significance

Chromosome 16 is known to contain genes that are involved in several medical conditions and traits. Some of the notable genes include:

ABCC6 - associated with pseudoxanthoma elasticum, a disorder affecting the elastic fibers of the skin, eyes, and cardiovascular system.
HBA1 and HBA2 - these genes code for the alpha globin component of hemoglobin. Mutations in these genes can lead to conditions such as alpha-thalassemia.
PKD1 - mutations in this gene can lead to polycystic kidney disease, a condition characterized by the growth of numerous cysts in the kidneys.

Chromosome 16 also has regions associated with diabetes mellitus type 2, certain forms of cancer, and Crohn's disease, among other conditions.

Research

Research on chromosome 16 has been extensive, particularly in the areas of diabetes and cancer. Studies have focused on understanding the genetic basis of these diseases and developing potential genetic therapies.

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-'''Chromosome 16''' is one of the 23 pairs of [[chromosome|chromosomes]] in humans. People normally have two copies of this chromosome. Chromosome 16 spans about 90 million [[base pair|base pairs]] (the building material of [[DNA]]) and represents approximately 3% of the total DNA in [[cell (biology)|cells]].
+{{Infobox chromosome
+| Name = Chromosome 16
+| Image =
+| Caption =
+| Length_bp = 90 million base pairs
+| Genes = 900 (approx.)
+| Type = Autosome
+| Centromere_position = Metacentric
+}}
-==Genetics==
+'''Chromosome 16''' is one of the 23 pairs of [[chromosome]]s in [[human]]s. People normally have two copies of this chromosome. Chromosome 16 spans about 90 million [[base pair]]s (the building blocks of [[DNA]]) and represents approximately 3% of the total DNA in cells.
-Chromosome 16 is known to contain about 900 [[gene|genes]]. Some of the genes on this chromosome are involved in diseases such as [[polycystic kidney disease]], [[alpha thalassemia]], and [[breast cancer]].
-===Polycystic Kidney Disease===
+== Structure ==
-The PKD1 gene, located on chromosome 16, is responsible for autosomal dominant [[polycystic kidney disease]]. Mutations in this gene lead to the development of numerous cysts in the kidneys, and can also cause liver and pancreatic cysts.
+Chromosome 16 is classified as a metacentric chromosome, meaning its [[centromere]] is positioned near the center, making the arms of the chromosome of roughly equal length. The precise number of genes varies, but it is estimated that it contains around 900 genes that are responsible for various [[genetic]] functions and traits.
-===Alpha Thalassemia===
+== Genetic and medical significance ==
-The HBA1 and HBA2 genes, also located on chromosome 16, are associated with alpha thalassemia. Mutations in these genes reduce the production of alpha globin, a component of [[hemoglobin]], leading to a shortage of red blood cells, a condition known as anemia.
+Chromosome 16 is known to contain genes that are involved in several medical conditions and traits. Some of the notable genes include:
-===Breast Cancer===
+* '''ABCC6''' - associated with [[pseudoxanthoma elasticum]], a disorder affecting the elastic fibers of the skin, eyes, and cardiovascular system.
-The BRCA2 gene, located on chromosome 16, is associated with an increased risk of breast cancer. Mutations in this gene can lead to the development of breast cancer, particularly in women.
+* '''HBA1''' and '''HBA2''' - these genes code for the alpha globin component of [[hemoglobin]]. Mutations in these genes can lead to conditions such as [[alpha-thalassemia]].
+* '''PKD1''' - mutations in this gene can lead to [[polycystic kidney disease]], a condition characterized by the growth of numerous cysts in the kidneys.
-==Genomic Variation==
+Chromosome 16 also has regions associated with [[diabetes mellitus type 2]], certain forms of [[cancer]], and [[Crohn's disease]], among other conditions.
-Chromosome 16 has numerous regions of genomic variation. These variations can affect the function of genes and the development of diseases. For example, a deletion in the region 16p11.2 is associated with [[autism]] and [[schizophrenia]].
-==See Also==
+== Research ==
+Research on chromosome 16 has been extensive, particularly in the areas of diabetes and cancer. Studies have focused on understanding the genetic basis of these diseases and developing potential genetic therapies.
+== See also ==
+* [[Genetics]]
 * [[Human genome]]
-* [[Genetic disorder]]
+* [[Chromosomal abnormalities]]
-* [[Gene therapy]]
-==References==
-<references />
-[[Category:Chromosomes]]
+[[Category:Human chromosomes]]
-[[Category:Genetics]]
-[[Category:Human genome]]
-{{chromosome-stub}}
+{{Genetics-stub}}
-{{medicine-stub}}