Human genome
Human Genome
The Human Genome (pronunciation: /ˈhjuːmən ˈdʒiːnoʊm/) refers to the complete set of genetic information in humans. This information is encoded as DNA sequences within the 23 chromosome pairs in cell nuclei and in a small DNA molecule found within individual mitochondria.
Etymology
The term "genome" was created in 1920 by Hans Winkler, a German botanist. It is a portmanteau of the words "gene" and "chromosome". The term "human genome" specifically refers to the genome of Homo sapiens.
Related Terms
- DNA: Deoxyribonucleic acid, the molecule that carries genetic instructions in all living organisms.
- Chromosome: A thread-like structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes.
- Mitochondria: An organelle found in large numbers in most cells, in which the biochemical processes of respiration and energy production occur. It has its own DNA, known as mitochondrial DNA.
- Gene: A unit of heredity which is transferred from a parent to offspring and is held to determine some characteristic of the offspring.
- Homo sapiens: The species to which all modern human beings belong.
See Also
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Human genome
- Wikipedia's article - Human genome
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