Human genome

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Human Genome

The Human Genome (pronunciation: /ˈhjuːmən ˈdʒiːnoʊm/) refers to the complete set of genetic information in humans. This information is encoded as DNA sequences within the 23 chromosome pairs in cell nuclei and in a small DNA molecule found within individual mitochondria.

Etymology

The term "genome" was created in 1920 by Hans Winkler, a German botanist. It is a portmanteau of the words "gene" and "chromosome". The term "human genome" specifically refers to the genome of Homo sapiens.

Related Terms

  • DNA: Deoxyribonucleic acid, the molecule that carries genetic instructions in all living organisms.
  • Chromosome: A thread-like structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes.
  • Mitochondria: An organelle found in large numbers in most cells, in which the biochemical processes of respiration and energy production occur. It has its own DNA, known as mitochondrial DNA.
  • Gene: A unit of heredity which is transferred from a parent to offspring and is held to determine some characteristic of the offspring.
  • Homo sapiens: The species to which all modern human beings belong.

See Also

External links

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