Septic shock

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Septic shock
Synonyms	N/A
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Fever, chills, confusion, rapid heart rate, low blood pressure
Complications	Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, death
Onset	Rapid
Duration	Variable
Types	N/A
Causes	Bacterial infection, fungal infection
Risks	Immunosuppression, chronic illness, age
Diagnosis	Blood culture, clinical criteria
Differential diagnosis	Hypovolemic shock, cardiogenic shock, anaphylactic shock
Prevention	Vaccination, infection control
Treatment	Intravenous fluids, vasopressors, antibiotics
Medication	N/A
Prognosis	Variable, depends on severity and response to treatment
Frequency	Common in intensive care units
Deaths	N/A

Septic shock is a severe and potentially fatal condition that occurs as a complication of sepsis, an overwhelming and systemic response to infection<ref>Singer, M,

 The Third International Consensus Definitions for Sepsis and Septic Shock (Sepsis-3), 
 JAMA, 
 2016,
 Vol. 315,
 pp. 801-810,</ref>.

Sepsis Steps

Definition

Septic shock is a subset of sepsis in which underlying circulatory, cellular, and metabolic abnormalities are severe enough to substantially increase mortality. It is primarily characterized by low blood pressure that does not adequately respond to fluid resuscitation, along with signs of inadequate organ perfusion.

Pathophysiology

In septic shock, the body's response to infection leads to the release of inflammatory mediators that cause widespread vasodilation, increased vascular permeability, and coagulation abnormalities. This can lead to a decrease in blood pressure (hypotension), inadequate blood flow to the organs (ischemia), and eventual multi-organ failure<ref>Schouten, M,

 Inflammation, endothelium, and coagulation in sepsis, 
 Journal of Leukocyte Biology, 
 2008,
 Vol. 83,
 pp. 536-545,</ref>.

Symptoms

Patients with septic shock may initially present with symptoms of infection, such as fever, chills, rapid heart rate, and confusion. As shock develops, they may experience low blood pressure, decreased urine output, rapid heart rate, and altered mental status.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of septic shock involves identifying the presence of sepsis and the associated organ dysfunction. This can include lab tests such as a complete blood count, blood cultures, coagulation studies, and lactate levels. Imaging studies may also be used to identify the source of infection<ref>Rhodes, A,

 Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International Guidelines for Management of Sepsis and Septic Shock: 2016, 
 Intensive Care Medicine, 
 2017,
 Vol. 43,
 pp. 304-377,</ref>.

Treatment

Treatment of septic shock involves immediate initiation of broad-spectrum antibiotics, fluid resuscitation, and vasopressor therapy to maintain adequate blood pressure. Invasive monitoring may be needed to assess the patient's response to treatment. Source control measures, such as surgical drainage or removal of infected devices, are also important<ref>Rhodes, A,

 Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International Guidelines for Management of Sepsis and Septic Shock: 2016, 
 Intensive Care Medicine, 
 2017,
 Vol. 43,
 pp. 304-377,</ref>.

Summary

Septic shock is a life-threatening condition in which tissues become damaged and blood pressure drops (hypotension) due to bacteria multiplying and producing poisons in the blood

See Also

• Sepsis
• Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS)
• Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS)

References

<references/>

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