Orbital blowout fracture: Difference between revisions
From WikiMD's Wellness Encyclopedia
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{{Infobox medical condition | |||
| name = Orbital blowout fracture | |||
| image = [[File:Pblowoutfracture.png|250px]] | |||
| caption = CT scan showing an orbital blowout fracture | |||
| field = [[Ophthalmology]], [[Maxillofacial surgery]] | |||
| synonyms = Blowout fracture | |||
| symptoms = [[Diplopia]], [[enophthalmos]], [[orbital emphysema]], [[infraorbital nerve]] anesthesia | |||
| complications = [[Oculocardiac reflex]], [[muscle entrapment]] | |||
| onset = Sudden, following trauma | |||
| duration = Varies, depending on severity and treatment | |||
| causes = [[Blunt trauma]] to the [[orbit (anatomy)|orbit]] | |||
| risks = [[Sports injuries]], [[assault]], [[motor vehicle accidents]] | |||
| diagnosis = [[Clinical examination]], [[CT scan]] | |||
| differential = [[Orbital cellulitis]], [[zygomaticomaxillary complex fracture]] | |||
| treatment = [[Surgical repair]], [[observation]] | |||
| medication = [[Antibiotics]], [[analgesics]] | |||
| prognosis = Generally good with treatment | |||
| frequency = Common in [[facial trauma]] | |||
}} | |||
[[File:FractLeftOrbitFloorMark.png|Fracture of the left orbital floor|thumb|left]] | |||
'''Orbital blowout fracture''' refers to a type of [[facial trauma]] involving a fracture of the bones surrounding the [[eye socket]] or orbit, without damage to the rim of the orbit. This condition often results from an impact to the soft tissue of the eye, such as being hit by a ball or fist, which transmits force to the bones of the orbit, causing them to break and potentially leading to entrapment of the [[inferior rectus muscle]] or [[inferior oblique muscle]], which can affect eye movement. | '''Orbital blowout fracture''' refers to a type of [[facial trauma]] involving a fracture of the bones surrounding the [[eye socket]] or orbit, without damage to the rim of the orbit. This condition often results from an impact to the soft tissue of the eye, such as being hit by a ball or fist, which transmits force to the bones of the orbit, causing them to break and potentially leading to entrapment of the [[inferior rectus muscle]] or [[inferior oblique muscle]], which can affect eye movement. | ||
== Causes == | == Causes == | ||
Orbital blowout fractures are commonly caused by blunt trauma to the orbit. This can occur during sports, physical altercations, falls, or vehicle accidents. The force of the impact causes a sudden increase in intraorbital pressure, leading to a fracture of the weakest point of the orbit, typically the orbital floor or medial wall. | Orbital blowout fractures are commonly caused by blunt trauma to the orbit. This can occur during sports, physical altercations, falls, or vehicle accidents. The force of the impact causes a sudden increase in intraorbital pressure, leading to a fracture of the weakest point of the orbit, typically the orbital floor or medial wall. | ||
== Symptoms == | == Symptoms == | ||
Symptoms of an orbital blowout fracture may include: | Symptoms of an orbital blowout fracture may include: | ||
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* Numbness or decreased sensation in the cheek and upper lip due to damage to the [[infraorbital nerve]] | * Numbness or decreased sensation in the cheek and upper lip due to damage to the [[infraorbital nerve]] | ||
* Enophthalmos (sunken appearance of the eye) | * Enophthalmos (sunken appearance of the eye) | ||
== Diagnosis == | == Diagnosis == | ||
Diagnosis of an orbital blowout fracture is primarily based on the patient's history and clinical examination. Imaging studies, such as a [[Computed Tomography (CT) scan|CT scan]], are crucial for confirming the diagnosis and assessing the extent of the fracture and any involvement of the eye muscles. | Diagnosis of an orbital blowout fracture is primarily based on the patient's history and clinical examination. Imaging studies, such as a [[Computed Tomography (CT) scan|CT scan]], are crucial for confirming the diagnosis and assessing the extent of the fracture and any involvement of the eye muscles. | ||
== Treatment == | == Treatment == | ||
Treatment of orbital blowout fractures depends on the severity of the fracture and the presence of any complications, such as muscle entrapment. Options include: | Treatment of orbital blowout fractures depends on the severity of the fracture and the presence of any complications, such as muscle entrapment. Options include: | ||
* Observation and monitoring for cases without significant symptoms or risk of muscle entrapment | * Observation and monitoring for cases without significant symptoms or risk of muscle entrapment | ||
* [[Surgery]] to repair the fracture and release any entrapped muscles for patients with significant symptoms, muscle entrapment, or cosmetic concerns | * [[Surgery]] to repair the fracture and release any entrapped muscles for patients with significant symptoms, muscle entrapment, or cosmetic concerns | ||
== Complications == | == Complications == | ||
Complications of orbital blowout fractures can include persistent double vision, infection, and changes in the position of the eyeball within the orbit (enophthalmos or [[exophthalmos]]). | Complications of orbital blowout fractures can include persistent double vision, infection, and changes in the position of the eyeball within the orbit (enophthalmos or [[exophthalmos]]). | ||
== Prevention == | == Prevention == | ||
Prevention of orbital blowout fractures involves the use of protective eyewear during activities that pose a risk of facial trauma, such as certain sports and occupations that involve the risk of flying debris or falls. | Prevention of orbital blowout fractures involves the use of protective eyewear during activities that pose a risk of facial trauma, such as certain sports and occupations that involve the risk of flying debris or falls. | ||
== See also == | == See also == | ||
* [[Facial trauma]] | * [[Facial trauma]] | ||
* [[Eye injury]] | * [[Eye injury]] | ||
* [[Maxillofacial surgery]] | * [[Maxillofacial surgery]] | ||
[[Category:Ophthalmology]] | [[Category:Ophthalmology]] | ||
[[Category:Injuries]] | [[Category:Injuries]] | ||
{{Medicine-stub}} | {{Medicine-stub}} | ||
Latest revision as of 05:47, 9 April 2025
Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
W8MD medical weight loss NYC and sleep center NYC
| Orbital blowout fracture | |
|---|---|
| |
| Synonyms | Blowout fracture |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Diplopia, enophthalmos, orbital emphysema, infraorbital nerve anesthesia |
| Complications | Oculocardiac reflex, muscle entrapment |
| Onset | Sudden, following trauma |
| Duration | Varies, depending on severity and treatment |
| Types | N/A |
| Causes | Blunt trauma to the orbit |
| Risks | Sports injuries, assault, motor vehicle accidents |
| Diagnosis | Clinical examination, CT scan |
| Differential diagnosis | Orbital cellulitis, zygomaticomaxillary complex fracture |
| Prevention | N/A |
| Treatment | Surgical repair, observation |
| Medication | Antibiotics, analgesics |
| Prognosis | Generally good with treatment |
| Frequency | Common in facial trauma |
| Deaths | N/A |
Orbital blowout fracture refers to a type of facial trauma involving a fracture of the bones surrounding the eye socket or orbit, without damage to the rim of the orbit. This condition often results from an impact to the soft tissue of the eye, such as being hit by a ball or fist, which transmits force to the bones of the orbit, causing them to break and potentially leading to entrapment of the inferior rectus muscle or inferior oblique muscle, which can affect eye movement.
Causes[edit]
Orbital blowout fractures are commonly caused by blunt trauma to the orbit. This can occur during sports, physical altercations, falls, or vehicle accidents. The force of the impact causes a sudden increase in intraorbital pressure, leading to a fracture of the weakest point of the orbit, typically the orbital floor or medial wall.
Symptoms[edit]
Symptoms of an orbital blowout fracture may include:
- Visual disturbances
- Pain, especially with eye movement
- Swelling and bruising around the eye (periorbital ecchymosis)
- Double vision (diplopia)
- Numbness or decreased sensation in the cheek and upper lip due to damage to the infraorbital nerve
- Enophthalmos (sunken appearance of the eye)
Diagnosis[edit]
Diagnosis of an orbital blowout fracture is primarily based on the patient's history and clinical examination. Imaging studies, such as a CT scan, are crucial for confirming the diagnosis and assessing the extent of the fracture and any involvement of the eye muscles.
Treatment[edit]
Treatment of orbital blowout fractures depends on the severity of the fracture and the presence of any complications, such as muscle entrapment. Options include:
- Observation and monitoring for cases without significant symptoms or risk of muscle entrapment
- Surgery to repair the fracture and release any entrapped muscles for patients with significant symptoms, muscle entrapment, or cosmetic concerns
Complications[edit]
Complications of orbital blowout fractures can include persistent double vision, infection, and changes in the position of the eyeball within the orbit (enophthalmos or exophthalmos).
Prevention[edit]
Prevention of orbital blowout fractures involves the use of protective eyewear during activities that pose a risk of facial trauma, such as certain sports and occupations that involve the risk of flying debris or falls.
See also[edit]
