Precariat

Precariat

The term "precariat" is a portmanteau of "precarious" and "proletariat," and it refers to a social class formed by people suffering from precarity, which is a condition of existence without predictability or security, affecting material or psychological welfare. The concept of the precariat has gained prominence in discussions about the changing nature of work and employment in the 21st century.

Definition

The precariat is characterized by a lack of job security, low wages, and limited access to social benefits and protections. Members of the precariat often work in temporary, part-time, or freelance positions, and they may experience frequent periods of unemployment or underemployment. This class is distinguished from the traditional working class by its instability and lack of long-term employment prospects.

Origins and Development

The term "precariat" was popularized by economist Guy Standing in his book "The Precariat: The New Dangerous Class," published in 2011. Standing argues that the precariat is a new class that has emerged as a result of globalization, technological change, and neoliberal economic policies that have eroded traditional labor protections and welfare systems.

Characteristics

Members of the precariat often face:

• Job Insecurity: Employment is often temporary or part-time, with little prospect of long-term stability.
• Low Wages: Earnings are typically low, and work may be irregular, leading to financial instability.
• Lack of Benefits: Many precariat workers do not receive health insurance, retirement benefits, or paid leave.
• Limited Career Progression: Opportunities for advancement are often limited, and skills may not be fully utilized or developed.
• Social Isolation: The lack of stable employment can lead to social and psychological stress, as well as a sense of alienation.

Impact on Society

The rise of the precariat has significant implications for society, including:

• Economic Inequality: The precariat contributes to widening income and wealth gaps.
• Social Unrest: The insecurity and frustration experienced by the precariat can lead to social and political instability.
• Health and Well-being: The stress associated with precarious work can negatively impact mental and physical health.

Criticisms

Some critics argue that the concept of the precariat is too broad and lacks specificity. Others suggest that it overlaps with existing categories of low-wage and insecure workers, and that it does not adequately account for differences in experiences across different regions and industries.

Also see

• Gig Economy
• Neoliberalism
• Proletariat
• Labor Market Flexibility
• Social Class