Glossary of Hinduism terms

Glossary of Hinduism Terms

Hinduism, one of the world's oldest religions, encompasses a wide range of beliefs, practices, and texts. This glossary provides definitions and explanations of key terms used in Hinduism.

A

Atman

The term Atman refers to the inner self or soul in Hindu philosophy. It is considered the true essence of an individual, beyond the physical body and mind. Atman is often equated with Brahman, the ultimate reality or world soul.

B

Brahman

Brahman is the ultimate, unchanging reality, composed of pure being and consciousness. In Hindu philosophy, Brahman is the source of all that exists and is often described as infinite and eternal. It is distinct from the individual soul, or Atman, but the two are ultimately one and the same in many schools of Hindu thought.

D

Dharma

Dharma is a key concept in Hinduism, referring to the moral order of the universe and a code of living that embodies the fundamental principles of law, religion, and duty. Each individual has their own dharma, which is determined by their age, caste, gender, and occupation.

K

Karma

Karma is the principle of cause and effect where intent and actions of an individual influence the future of that individual. Good actions lead to good results, while bad actions lead to bad results. Karma is a central concept in Hinduism, affecting one's future in this life and the next.

M

Moksha

Moksha is the liberation from the cycle of birth and rebirth (Samsara). It is the ultimate goal of human life in Hinduism, representing the soul's release from the bondage of karma and the attainment of spiritual knowledge and enlightenment.

S

Samsara

Samsara refers to the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth in Hinduism. It is the continuous cycle of life, death, and reincarnation, driven by karma. The ultimate goal is to break free from this cycle and achieve Moksha.

Shiva

Shiva is one of the principal deities of Hinduism, known as "The Destroyer" within the Trimurti, the Hindu trinity that includes Brahma and Vishnu. Shiva is worshipped as the supreme god in Shaivism, one of the major traditions within Hinduism.

V

Vedas

The Vedas are a large body of religious texts originating in ancient India. They form the oldest layer of Sanskrit literature and the oldest scriptures of Hinduism. The Vedas are divided into four collections: the Rigveda, Samaveda, Yajurveda, and Atharvaveda.

See Also

• Hindu philosophy
• Hindu deities
• Hindu texts

References

• Encyclopaedia Britannica: Hinduism
• Sacred Texts: Hinduism