Thrombopoietin receptor

Thrombopoietin receptor (also known as c-Mpl, the myeloproliferative leukemia protein or CD110) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MPL (myeloproliferative leukemia virus) gene. It is a cytokine receptor that is specific for thrombopoietin (TPO), a hormone that regulates the production of platelets by the bone marrow.

Function

The thrombopoietin receptor is a member of the hematopoietin receptor family. It is a transmembrane receptor that is predominantly expressed on the cell surface of megakaryocytes and platelets. Upon binding of its ligand, thrombopoietin, it initiates a series of signal transduction pathways which lead to platelet production (thrombopoiesis) and proliferation of megakaryocytes, the cells that produce platelets.

Clinical significance

Mutations in the MPL gene can lead to thrombocytopenia and myeloproliferative disorders, including essential thrombocythemia and primary myelofibrosis. These disorders are characterized by an overproduction of blood cells, including platelets, which can lead to an increased risk of blood clot formation (thrombosis).

Therapeutic use

The thrombopoietin receptor is a target for therapeutic intervention in diseases characterized by low platelet counts (thrombocytopenia). Drugs that mimic the action of thrombopoietin, known as thrombopoietin receptor agonists, can be used to stimulate the production of platelets in these conditions.

See also

• Thrombopoietin
• Cytokine receptor
• Megakaryocyte
• Platelet