Spectrin

Spectrin is a type of protein found in the cytoskeleton of eukaryotic cells. It is a crucial component of the membrane skeleton, providing stability and flexibility to the cell membrane.

Structure

Spectrin is a tetramer made up of two alpha-spectrin and two beta-spectrin subunits. These subunits are long, flexible rods that form a twisted, helical shape. The alpha and beta subunits are similar in structure, each consisting of a series of repeat domains that are connected by linker regions.

Function

The primary function of spectrin is to support the plasma membrane and maintain the shape of the cell. It forms a mesh-like network on the inner surface of the plasma membrane, providing a structural framework that helps to resist mechanical stress. In addition to its structural role, spectrin is also involved in various cellular processes such as cell adhesion, cell signaling, and ion transport.

Clinical significance

Mutations in the genes encoding spectrin can lead to a variety of genetic disorders, most notably hereditary spherocytosis and hereditary elliptocytosis. These conditions are characterized by abnormalities in the shape and function of red blood cells, leading to hemolytic anemia.

See also

• Ankyrin
• Band 3
• Protein 4.1

References

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  Spectrin
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  Spectrin localization under the neuronal plasma membrane