Loop diuretic: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 11:02, 15 February 2025

Loop Diuretic[edit]

Loop diuretics are a class of diuretic medications that act on the ascending limb of the loop of Henle in the nephron of the kidney. They are primarily used to treat edema associated with congestive heart failure, liver cirrhosis, and chronic kidney disease. Loop diuretics are also used in the management of hypertension.

Mechanism of Action[edit]

Loop diuretics inhibit the sodium-potassium-chloride cotransporter (NKCC2) in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle. This inhibition prevents the reabsorption of sodium, potassium, and chloride ions, leading to increased excretion of these ions in the urine. The resulting osmotic effect causes water to be excreted along with the ions, leading to diuresis.

Pharmacokinetics[edit]

Loop diuretics are rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and have a quick onset of action. They are highly protein-bound and are primarily excreted by the kidneys. The duration of action varies among different loop diuretics, but they generally have a short half-life.

Clinical Uses[edit]

Loop diuretics are used in the treatment of:

Congestive heart failure: To reduce fluid overload and improve symptoms.
Liver cirrhosis: To manage ascites and peripheral edema.
Chronic kidney disease: To manage fluid retention.
Hypertension: As an adjunctive therapy in resistant cases.

Side Effects[edit]

Common side effects of loop diuretics include:

Hypokalemia: Low potassium levels due to increased excretion.
Hyponatremia: Low sodium levels.
Hypomagnesemia: Low magnesium levels.
Dehydration: Due to excessive fluid loss.
Ototoxicity: Hearing loss, which is usually reversible.

Examples of Loop Diuretics[edit]

Some commonly used loop diuretics include:

Related Pages[edit]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-'''Loop diuretics''' are a type of [[diuretic]] that work by inhibiting the [[sodium-potassium-chloride cotransporter]] in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle in the kidneys. This results in a decrease in the reabsorption of sodium and chloride, leading to an increase in the excretion of water, sodium, chloride, magnesium, and calcium.
+== Loop Diuretic ==
-== Mechanism of action ==
+[[File:Loop_diuretics.svg|thumb|right|Diagram illustrating the mechanism of action of loop diuretics.]]
-Loop diuretics inhibit the [[sodium-potassium-chloride cotransporter]] (NKCC2) in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle. This transporter normally reabsorbs about 25% of the filtered load of sodium and chloride from the urine. By inhibiting this transporter, loop diuretics increase the excretion of sodium, chloride, and water.
-== Uses ==
+Loop diuretics are a class of [[diuretic]] medications that act on the [[ascending limb of the loop of Henle]] in the [[nephron]] of the [[kidney]]. They are primarily used to treat [[edema]] associated with [[congestive heart failure]], [[liver cirrhosis]], and [[chronic kidney disease]]. Loop diuretics are also used in the management of [[hypertension]].
-Loop diuretics are used in the treatment of several conditions, including [[congestive heart failure]], [[hypertension]], and [[edema]] due to kidney or liver disease. They are also used in the treatment of [[hypercalcemia]] and [[hyperkalemia]].
-== Side effects ==
+== Mechanism of Action ==
-Common side effects of loop diuretics include [[dehydration]], [[hypokalemia]], [[hyponatremia]], [[hypomagnesemia]], and [[hypocalcemia]]. Less common side effects include [[ototoxicity]], [[gout]], and [[hyperuricemia]].
-== Examples ==
+Loop diuretics inhibit the [[sodium-potassium-chloride cotransporter]] (NKCC2) in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle. This inhibition prevents the reabsorption of sodium, potassium, and chloride ions, leading to increased excretion of these ions in the urine. The resulting osmotic effect causes water to be excreted along with the ions, leading to diuresis.
-Examples of loop diuretics include [[furosemide]], [[bumetanide]], [[torsemide]], and [[ethacrynic acid]].
+== Pharmacokinetics ==
+Loop diuretics are rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and have a quick onset of action. They are highly protein-bound and are primarily excreted by the kidneys. The duration of action varies among different loop diuretics, but they generally have a short half-life.
+== Clinical Uses ==
+Loop diuretics are used in the treatment of:
+* [[Congestive heart failure]]: To reduce fluid overload and improve symptoms.
+* [[Liver cirrhosis]]: To manage ascites and peripheral edema.
+* [[Chronic kidney disease]]: To manage fluid retention.
+* [[Hypertension]]: As an adjunctive therapy in resistant cases.
+== Side Effects ==
+Common side effects of loop diuretics include:
+* [[Hypokalemia]]: Low potassium levels due to increased excretion.
+* [[Hyponatremia]]: Low sodium levels.
+* [[Hypomagnesemia]]: Low magnesium levels.
+* [[Dehydration]]: Due to excessive fluid loss.
+* [[Ototoxicity]]: Hearing loss, which is usually reversible.
+== Examples of Loop Diuretics ==
+Some commonly used loop diuretics include:
+* [[Furosemide]]
+* [[Bumetanide]]
+* [[Torsemide]]
+* [[Ethacrynic acid]]
+== Related Pages ==
-== See also ==
 * [[Diuretic]]
-* [[Thiazide diuretic]]
+* [[Nephron]]
-* [[Potassium-sparing diuretic]]
+* [[Kidney]]
+* [[Hypertension]]
 [[Category:Diuretics]]
-[[Category:Pharmacology]]
-[[Category:Medicine]]
-{{stub}}