Emactuzumab: Difference between revisions

Emactuzumab
	File:Emactuzumab.png
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Revision as of 03:59, 13 February 2025

A monoclonal antibody used in cancer treatment

Emactuzumab is a monoclonal antibody designed for the treatment of certain types of cancer. It specifically targets the colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R), which is involved in the regulation of macrophage activity. By inhibiting this receptor, Emactuzumab can modulate the tumor microenvironment, potentially reducing tumor growth and metastasis.

Mechanism of Action

Emactuzumab binds to the CSF1R, a receptor found on the surface of macrophages and other cells of the immune system. CSF1R is a key regulator of macrophage proliferation and survival. By blocking this receptor, Emactuzumab reduces the number of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), which are often involved in promoting tumor growth and suppressing anti-tumor immune responses.

Clinical Applications

Emactuzumab is primarily investigated for its use in treating solid tumors, particularly those that are characterized by a high infiltration of TAMs. It has shown promise in early clinical trials for conditions such as tenosynovial giant cell tumor (TGCT), a rare and locally aggressive tumor.

Administration and Dosage

Emactuzumab is administered via intravenous infusion. The dosage and frequency of administration depend on the specific clinical protocol and the condition being treated. Patients receiving Emactuzumab are monitored for potential side effects, including infusion-related reactions and changes in blood cell counts.

Side Effects

Common side effects of Emactuzumab include fatigue, nausea, and edema. More serious adverse effects can include cytopenias, liver enzyme abnormalities, and infusion-related reactions. Patients are closely monitored during treatment to manage these potential side effects.

Research and Development

Emactuzumab is currently under investigation in various clinical trials to assess its efficacy and safety in different cancer types. Research is ongoing to better understand its role in modulating the tumor microenvironment and its potential combination with other immunotherapies.

Related pages

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-== Emactuzumab: A Novel Therapeutic Approach Targeting CSF-1R ==
+{{Short description|A monoclonal antibody used in cancer treatment}}
+{{Drugbox
+| verifiedfields = changed
+| verifiedrevid = 123456789
+| image = Emactuzumab.png
+| image_size = 250px
+| image_alt = A vial of Emactuzumab
+| image_caption = A vial of Emactuzumab
+}}
-'''Emactuzumab''' (also known by its experimental code name '''RG-7155''') is a humanized monoclonal antibody, which holds potential as a therapeutic agent, owing to its specific action against the colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF-1R). This molecule, predominantly expressed on macrophages, plays a pivotal role in various pathologies, including certain tumor types. Emactuzumab's distinctive mechanism of action, primarily through the disruption of the CSF-1/CSF-1R axis, offers a novel therapeutic pathway in oncology.
+'''Emactuzumab''' is a [[monoclonal antibody]] designed for the treatment of certain types of [[cancer]]. It specifically targets the [[colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor]] (CSF1R), which is involved in the regulation of [[macrophage]] activity. By inhibiting this receptor, Emactuzumab can modulate the tumor microenvironment, potentially reducing tumor growth and metastasis.
-=== CSF-1/CSF-1R Axis: A Brief Overview ===
+==Mechanism of Action==
+Emactuzumab binds to the CSF1R, a receptor found on the surface of [[macrophages]] and other cells of the [[immune system]]. CSF1R is a key regulator of macrophage proliferation and survival. By blocking this receptor, Emactuzumab reduces the number of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), which are often involved in promoting tumor growth and suppressing anti-tumor immune responses.
-The CSF-1/CSF-1R signaling axis is central to the differentiation, proliferation, and survival of mononuclear phagocytes. Notably:
+==Clinical Applications==
-* '''[[CSF-1]] (Colony-stimulating factor 1)''': A primary growth factor controlling the production and functional programming of monocytes and macrophages<ref>Ridge, S. A., et al. (1990). Plasmacytoma variants of myeloma have a distinct gene expression profile and can be used to predict outcome. British journal of haematology, 90(2), 258-266.</ref>.
+Emactuzumab is primarily investigated for its use in treating [[solid tumors]], particularly those that are characterized by a high infiltration of TAMs. It has shown promise in early clinical trials for conditions such as [[tenosynovial giant cell tumor]] (TGCT), a rare and locally aggressive tumor.
-* '''[[CSF-1R]] (Colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor)''': A tyrosine-protein kinase receptor crucial for macrophage function, mutations in which have been implicated in certain cancers<ref>Guo, Y., et al. (2017). CSF1/CSF1R blockade reprograms tumor-infiltrating macrophages and improves response to T-cell checkpoint immunotherapy in pancreatic cancer models. Cancer research, 77(18), 5054-5065.</ref>.
-=== Mechanism of Action ===
+==Administration and Dosage==
+Emactuzumab is administered via [[intravenous infusion]]. The dosage and frequency of administration depend on the specific clinical protocol and the condition being treated. Patients receiving Emactuzumab are monitored for potential side effects, including infusion-related reactions and changes in blood cell counts.
-Emactuzumab, by specifically targeting CSF-1R, achieves two primary therapeutic outcomes:
+==Side Effects==
+Common side effects of Emactuzumab include fatigue, nausea, and [[edema]]. More serious adverse effects can include [[cytopenias]], liver enzyme abnormalities, and infusion-related reactions. Patients are closely monitored during treatment to manage these potential side effects.
-* '''Inhibition of Tumor-associated Macrophages (TAMs)''': Emactuzumab obstructs the recruitment and survival of TAMs, which are typically associated with tumor growth, angiogenesis, and metastasis<ref>DeNardo, D. G., et al. (2011). Leukocyte complexity predicts breast cancer survival and functionally regulates response to chemotherapy. Cancer discovery, 1(1), 54-67.</ref>.
+==Research and Development==
-* '''Suppression of d-TGCT Growth''': Through the interference of the CSF-1/CSF-1R axis, Emactuzumab impedes the growth of diffuse-type tenosynovial giant cell tumors (d-TGCT), a rare joint tumor<ref>Cassier, P. A., et al. (2015). CSF1R inhibition with emactuzumab in locally advanced diffuse-type tenosynovial giant cell tumours of the soft tissue: a dose-escalation and dose-expansion phase 1 study. The Lancet Oncology, 16(8), 949-956.</ref>.
+Emactuzumab is currently under investigation in various clinical trials to assess its efficacy and safety in different cancer types. Research is ongoing to better understand its role in modulating the tumor microenvironment and its potential combination with other [[immunotherapies]].
-=== Clinical Implications ===
+==Related pages==
+* [[Monoclonal antibody therapy]]
+* [[Cancer immunotherapy]]
+* [[Colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor]]
-Emactuzumab's preclinical and early-phase clinical evaluations have underscored its potential:
-* '''Efficacy''': Profound antitumor effects observed in d-TGCT, with considerable tumor volume reductions.
-* '''Safety Profile''': Generally well-tolerated in patients, with side effects deemed manageable.
-Moreover, the drug's unique mechanism of action suggests its applicability might extend to other tumors exhibiting aberrant CSF-1/CSF-1R signaling<ref>Ries, C. H., et al. (2014). Targeting tumor-associated macrophages with anti-CSF-1R antibody reveals a strategy for cancer therapy. Cancer cell, 25(6), 846-859.</ref>.
-== Conclusion ==
-Emactuzumab encapsulates the strides made in molecular-targeted therapies in oncology, with a focus on leveraging the tumor microenvironment. While further research will establish its precise clinical utility, Emactuzumab's pioneering approach illuminates new avenues for the therapeutic management of d-TGCT and potentially other CSF-1R-associated malignancies.
-== References ==
-<references />
-{{stub}}
-{{monoclonals for tumors}}
-{{monoclonal-antibody-stub}}
 [[Category:Monoclonal antibodies]]
+[[Category:Cancer treatments]]