Gadobenic acid: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 19:09, 22 March 2025

A contrast agent used in medical imaging

Gadobenic acid is a gadolinium-based contrast agent (GBCA) used in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to enhance the quality of the images. It is particularly useful in imaging the liver, central nervous system, and blood vessels.

Chemical Composition[edit]

Gadobenic acid is a complex of gadolinium with a ligand known as BOPTA (benzyloxypropionic-tetraacetate). The chemical formula for gadobenic acid is C₂₂H₂₈GdN₃O₁₁. The gadolinium ion is chelated by the ligand, which helps to reduce the risk of gadolinium toxicity.

Mechanism of Action[edit]

Gadobenic acid works by altering the local magnetic field in the tissues where it accumulates. This change in the magnetic field enhances the contrast between different tissues in the MRI images. The agent is particularly effective in tissues with high blood flow or in areas with disrupted blood-brain barrier.

Clinical Uses[edit]

Gadobenic acid is used in various types of MRI scans, including:

Liver imaging: It is used to detect and characterize liver lesions, such as hepatocellular carcinoma and metastases.
Central nervous system imaging: It helps in identifying brain tumors, multiple sclerosis plaques, and other neurological disorders.
Vascular imaging: It is used in magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) to visualize blood vessels and detect vascular diseases.

Safety and Side Effects[edit]

Gadobenic acid is generally well-tolerated, but like all GBCAs, it carries a risk of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF) in patients with severe kidney impairment. Common side effects include nausea, headache, and dizziness. Rarely, allergic reactions may occur.

Pharmacokinetics[edit]

After intravenous administration, gadobenic acid is distributed throughout the extracellular fluid. It is primarily excreted unchanged by the kidneys. The elimination half-life is approximately 1.5 hours in individuals with normal renal function.

Related Pages[edit]

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-[[File:Structure of Gadobenic acid.png|thumb|Gadobenic acid]]
+{{Short description|A contrast agent used in medical imaging}}
+{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2023}}
-'''Gadobenic acid''' (tradename MultiHance) is a complex of [[gadolinium]] with the ligand BOPTA. In the form of the diglumine salt it functions as a [[gadolinium-based MRI contrast medium]], under the trade name ''gadobenate dimeglumine''.
+'''Gadobenic acid''' is a [[gadolinium-based contrast agent]] (GBCA) used in [[magnetic resonance imaging]] (MRI) to enhance the quality of the images. It is particularly useful in imaging the [[liver]], [[central nervous system]], and [[blood vessels]].
-BOPTA is a derivative of [[DTPA]] in which one terminal carboxyl group, –C(O)OH is replaced by -C–O–CH<sub>2</sub>C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>. Thus gadobenic acid is closely related to [[gadopentetic acid]]. BOPTA itself was first synthesized in 1995.
+==Chemical Composition==
-<ref name =synth>{{cite journal
+Gadobenic acid is a complex of gadolinium with a [[ligand]] known as [[BOPTA]] (benzyloxypropionic-tetraacetate). The chemical formula for gadobenic acid is C<sub>22</sub>H<sub>28</sub>GdN<sub>3</sub>O<sub>11</sub>. The gadolinium ion is chelated by the ligand, which helps to reduce the risk of [[gadolinium toxicity]].
-| last1        = Uggeri
-| first1       = F.
+==Mechanism of Action==
-| last2        = Aime, S., Anelli, P.L., Botta, M., Brocchetta, M., De Haën, C., Ermondi, G., Grandi, M., Paoli, P.
+Gadobenic acid works by altering the local magnetic field in the tissues where it accumulates. This change in the magnetic field enhances the contrast between different tissues in the MRI images. The agent is particularly effective in tissues with high blood flow or in areas with disrupted [[blood-brain barrier]].
-| year         = 1995
-| title        = Novel contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging. Synthesis and characterization of the ligand BOPTA and its Ln(III) complexes (Ln = Gd, La, Lu). X-ray structure of disodium (TPS-9-145337286-C-S)-[4-carboxy-5,8,11-tris(carboxymethyl)-1-phenyl-2-oxa-5,8, 11-triazatridecan-13-oato(5-)]gadolinate(2-) in a mixture with its enantiomer
+==Clinical Uses==
-| journal      = Inorg. Chem.
+Gadobenic acid is used in various types of MRI scans, including:
-| volume       = 34
-| issue        = 3
+* '''[[Liver imaging]]''': It is used to detect and characterize [[liver lesions]], such as [[hepatocellular carcinoma]] and [[metastases]].
-| pages        = 633–642
+* '''[[Central nervous system imaging]]''': It helps in identifying [[brain tumors]], [[multiple sclerosis]] plaques, and other [[neurological disorders]].
-| doi          =  10.1021/ic00107a017
+* '''[[Vascular imaging]]''': It is used in [[magnetic resonance angiography]] (MRA) to visualize [[blood vessels]] and detect [[vascular diseases]].
-}}</ref>
-In the "gadobenate" ion gadolinium ion is 9-coordinate with BOPTA acting as an 8-coordinating ligand. The ninth position is occupied by a water molecule, which exchanges rapidly with water molecules in the immediate vicinity of the strongly [[paramagnetic]] complex, providing a mechanism for [[Magnetic resonance imaging|MRI contrast enhancement]]. <sup>139</sup>La NMR studies on the diamagnetic La-BOPTA<sup>2-</sup> complex suggest that the Gd complex maintains in solution the same kind of coordination as found, by X-ray crystallography, in the solid state for Gd-BOPTA disodium salt.<ref name=synth/>
+==Safety and Side Effects==
-{{reflist}}
+Gadobenic acid is generally well-tolerated, but like all GBCAs, it carries a risk of [[nephrogenic systemic fibrosis]] (NSF) in patients with severe [[kidney impairment]]. Common side effects include [[nausea]], [[headache]], and [[dizziness]]. Rarely, allergic reactions may occur.
-{{Contrast media}}
-[[Category:MRI contrast agents]]
+==Pharmacokinetics==
+After intravenous administration, gadobenic acid is distributed throughout the extracellular fluid. It is primarily excreted unchanged by the [[kidneys]]. The elimination half-life is approximately 1.5 hours in individuals with normal renal function.
+==Related Pages==
+* [[Gadolinium-based contrast agent]]
+* [[Magnetic resonance imaging]]
+* [[Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis]]
+* [[Hepatocellular carcinoma]]
+[[Category:Contrast agents]]
+[[Category:Magnetic resonance imaging]]
 [[Category:Gadolinium compounds]]
-{{pharmacology-stub}}