Unoprostone: Difference between revisions

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Unoprostone (INN), classified as a [[prostaglandin]] analogue, has garnered attention in ophthalmic pharmacology<ref>Hellberg, M. R., McLaughlin, M. A., Sharif, N. A., DeSantis, L., Dean, T. R., & Kyba, E. P. (2001). Identification and characterization of the ocular hypotensive efficacy of travoprost, a potent and selective FP prostaglandin receptor agonist, and AL-6598, a DP prostaglandin receptor agonist. Survey of ophthalmology, 45, S205-S212.</ref>. Its isopropyl ester derivative, unoprostone isopropyl, is marketed under the brand name "Rescula" in a 0.15% eye drop formulation. Its primary applications include the management and treatment of open-angle [[glaucoma]] and [[ocular hypertension]]<ref>Sharif, N. A., & Wiernas, T. K. (2009). Human trabecular meshwork cell responses induced by bimatoprost, travoprost, unoprostone, and other FP prostaglandin receptor agonist analogues. Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 50(2), 712-724.</ref>.
{{Short description|A prostaglandin analogue used in the treatment of glaucoma and ocular hypertension}}
{{Drugbox
| verifiedfields = changed
| verifiedrevid = 477002679
| IUPAC_name = (5Z)-7-[(1R,2R,3R,5S)-3,5-dihydroxy-2-[(3R)-3-hydroxy-5-phenylpentyl]cyclopentyl]hept-5-enoic acid
| image = Unoprostone.svg
| width = 200
}}


=== Chemical Classification and Structure ===
'''Unoprostone''' is a [[prostaglandin analogue]] used primarily in the treatment of [[glaucoma]] and [[ocular hypertension]]. It is marketed under the brand name Rescula. Unoprostone works by increasing the outflow of aqueous humor through the uveoscleral pathway, thereby reducing intraocular pressure.
Unoprostone is part of the prostaglandin family, which includes lipid compounds exhibiting a wide spectrum of physiological properties. These molecules, derived enzymatically from fatty acids, significantly impact several physiological and pathological processes<ref>Ricciotti, E., & FitzGerald, G. A. (2011). Prostaglandins and inflammation. Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology, 31(5), 986-1000.</ref>.


=== Therapeutic Applications ===
==Medical uses==
==== Open-angle Glaucoma ====
Unoprostone is indicated for the reduction of elevated intraocular pressure in patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension. It is typically administered as an eye drop solution.
Open-angle glaucoma, prevalent among glaucoma types, arises from the gradual blockage of the eye's drainage channels, leading to increased eye pressure. Unoprostone, by promoting the outflow of aqueous humor, assists in reducing this pressure, thus lowering the optic nerve damage risk<ref>Netland, P. A. (2001). Reduction of intraocular pressure with prostaglandins and prostamides. Survey of ophthalmology, 45, S93-S98.</ref>.


==== Ocular Hypertension ====
==Mechanism of action==
In ocular hypertension, where there's increased intraocular pressure without evident optic nerve damage or vision loss, unoprostone offers therapeutic benefits by managing this elevated pressure<ref>Fechtner, R. D., & Realini, T. (2004). Fixed combinations of topical glaucoma medications. Current opinion in ophthalmology, 15(2), 132-135.</ref>.
Unoprostone is a synthetic analogue of [[prostaglandin F2_]]. It reduces intraocular pressure by increasing the outflow of aqueous humor through the uveoscleral pathway. Unlike other prostaglandin analogues, unoprostone has a unique mechanism that may involve the activation of BK channels, which are large conductance calcium-activated potassium channels.


=== Formulation and Administration ===
==Side effects==
The commercialized derivative, unoprostone isopropyl, comes as "Rescula" eye drops with a 0.15% concentration. Typically, an ophthalmologist determines the administration frequency and dosage based on the disease's severity.
Common side effects of unoprostone include mild eye irritation, burning sensation upon instillation, and changes in eyelash growth. Less common side effects may include changes in iris pigmentation and eyelid skin darkening.


=== Side Effects and Precautions ===
==History==
Unoprostone, akin to its prostaglandin analogues, may trigger side effects. Common manifestations include ocular irritation, redness, and potential eyelash growth alterations<ref>Liu, J. H., & Sit, A. J. (2011). Mechanism of side effects of prostaglandin analogs. In Glaucoma (pp. 145-152). Kugler Publications.</ref>. It remains crucial for patients to maintain regular consultations with their ophthalmologist throughout the treatment.
Unoprostone was developed in Japan and was first approved for use in the treatment of glaucoma and ocular hypertension in the 1990s. It was later approved in other countries, including the United States.


=== See Also ===
==Related pages==
* [[Prostaglandins]]
* [[Glaucoma]]
* [[Glaucoma]]
* [[Ocular therapeutics]]
* [[Ocular hypertension]]
== References ==
* [[Prostaglandin analogue]]
<references />
 
*[http://www.fda.gov/cder/consumerinfo/druginfo/rescula.htm FDA consumer information on Rescula]
==References==
{{pharmacology-stub}}
{{Reflist}}
{{Antiglaucoma preparations and miotics}}
 
{{Prostaglandins}}
[[Category:Prostaglandins]]
[[Category:Prostaglandins]]
[[Category:Ophthalmology]]
[[Category:Drugs used in glaucoma]]

Revision as of 11:54, 9 February 2025

A prostaglandin analogue used in the treatment of glaucoma and ocular hypertension


Unoprostone
File:Unoprostone.svg
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Unoprostone is a prostaglandin analogue used primarily in the treatment of glaucoma and ocular hypertension. It is marketed under the brand name Rescula. Unoprostone works by increasing the outflow of aqueous humor through the uveoscleral pathway, thereby reducing intraocular pressure.

Medical uses

Unoprostone is indicated for the reduction of elevated intraocular pressure in patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension. It is typically administered as an eye drop solution.

Mechanism of action

Unoprostone is a synthetic analogue of prostaglandin F2_. It reduces intraocular pressure by increasing the outflow of aqueous humor through the uveoscleral pathway. Unlike other prostaglandin analogues, unoprostone has a unique mechanism that may involve the activation of BK channels, which are large conductance calcium-activated potassium channels.

Side effects

Common side effects of unoprostone include mild eye irritation, burning sensation upon instillation, and changes in eyelash growth. Less common side effects may include changes in iris pigmentation and eyelid skin darkening.

History

Unoprostone was developed in Japan and was first approved for use in the treatment of glaucoma and ocular hypertension in the 1990s. It was later approved in other countries, including the United States.

Related pages

References

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