Balanitis: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox medical condition | |||
| name = Balanitis | |||
| image = [[File:Inflammation_of_the_glans_penis_and_the_preputial_mucosa.jpg|250px]] | |||
| caption = Inflammation of the glans penis and the preputial mucosa | |||
| field = [[Urology]] | |||
| synonyms = | |||
| symptoms = [[Redness]], [[swelling]], [[itching]], [[pain]] | |||
| complications = [[Phimosis]], [[paraphimosis]], [[urethral stricture]] | |||
| onset = Any age | |||
| duration = Varies | |||
| causes = [[Infection]], [[irritation]], [[allergy]] | |||
| risks = Poor [[hygiene]], [[diabetes mellitus]], [[obesity]], [[uncircumcised]] | |||
| diagnosis = [[Physical examination]], [[swab]] | |||
| differential = [[Dermatitis]], [[psoriasis]], [[lichen planus]] | |||
| prevention = Good [[hygiene]], managing [[diabetes]] | |||
| treatment = [[Topical]] [[antibiotics]], [[antifungals]], [[steroids]] | |||
| medication = [[Clotrimazole]], [[miconazole]], [[hydrocortisone]] | |||
| frequency = Common | |||
}} | |||
'''Balanitis''' is an inflammatory condition affecting the glans penis (head of the penis), which can cause discomfort, itchiness, and erythema (redness). While balanitis itself is restricted to the glans, it can often be part of a more generalized condition, balanoposthitis, which involves both the glans and the prepuce (foreskin).<ref>{{cite journal|last=Edwards|first=S|title=Balanitis and balanoposthitis: a review|journal=Genitourinary Medicine|year=1996|pmid=8757357|doi=10.1136/sti.72.3.155}}</ref> | '''Balanitis''' is an inflammatory condition affecting the glans penis (head of the penis), which can cause discomfort, itchiness, and erythema (redness). While balanitis itself is restricted to the glans, it can often be part of a more generalized condition, balanoposthitis, which involves both the glans and the prepuce (foreskin).<ref>{{cite journal|last=Edwards|first=S|title=Balanitis and balanoposthitis: a review|journal=Genitourinary Medicine|year=1996|pmid=8757357|doi=10.1136/sti.72.3.155}}</ref> | ||
[[File:Balanitis on an intact penis.jpg|thumb|Balanitis on an intact penis]] | [[File:Balanitis on an intact penis.jpg|left|thumb|Balanitis on an intact penis]] | ||
== Causes and Risk Factors == <!--T:2--> | == Causes and Risk Factors == <!--T:2--> | ||
Balanitis can be caused by a wide range of conditions and factors, including poor hygiene, uncontrolled diabetes, reactive arthritis, and irritants such as soaps or lubricants. Infectious causes can include yeast infections (primarily Candida species), sexually transmitted infections like herpes simplex virus or syphilis, and bacterial infections.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Kumar|first=B|title=Nonvenereal dermatoses of male genitalia|journal=Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology|year=2010|pmid=20161855|doi=10.4103/0378-6323.60548}}</ref> It is more common in uncircumcised men, due to the warm, moist environment under the foreskin that can facilitate the growth of microbes. | Balanitis can be caused by a wide range of conditions and factors, including poor hygiene, uncontrolled diabetes, reactive arthritis, and irritants such as soaps or lubricants. Infectious causes can include yeast infections (primarily Candida species), sexually transmitted infections like herpes simplex virus or syphilis, and bacterial infections.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Kumar|first=B|title=Nonvenereal dermatoses of male genitalia|journal=Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology|year=2010|pmid=20161855|doi=10.4103/0378-6323.60548}}</ref> It is more common in uncircumcised men, due to the warm, moist environment under the foreskin that can facilitate the growth of microbes. | ||
== Clinical Presentation == <!--T:3--> | == Clinical Presentation == <!--T:3--> | ||
Patients with balanitis may present with symptoms like redness, swelling, and discomfort or pain in the glans penis. Other symptoms can include a foul-smelling discharge, difficulty retracting the foreskin, and painful urination (dysuria). In chronic or severe cases, balanitis can result in phimosis (inability to retract the foreskin) or paraphimosis (inability to return a retracted foreskin to its normal position).<ref>{{cite journal|last=Palmer|first=LS|title=Complications of pediatric circumcision|journal=Urologic Clinics of North America|year=2001|pmid=11590812|doi=10.1016/S0094-0143(05)70173-7}}</ref> | Patients with balanitis may present with symptoms like redness, swelling, and discomfort or pain in the glans penis. Other symptoms can include a foul-smelling discharge, difficulty retracting the foreskin, and painful urination (dysuria). In chronic or severe cases, balanitis can result in phimosis (inability to retract the foreskin) or paraphimosis (inability to return a retracted foreskin to its normal position).<ref>{{cite journal|last=Palmer|first=LS|title=Complications of pediatric circumcision|journal=Urologic Clinics of North America|year=2001|pmid=11590812|doi=10.1016/S0094-0143(05)70173-7}}</ref> | ||
== Diagnosis and Treatment == <!--T:4--> | == Diagnosis and Treatment == <!--T:4--> | ||
The diagnosis of balanitis is typically made based on the clinical presentation. In some cases, laboratory tests like a swab test or a biopsy may be needed to identify the exact cause, especially if the condition is persistent or recurrent.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Becker|first=K|title=Zoon's balanitis: a comprehensive review|journal=Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology|year=2016|pmid=26040206|doi=10.1111/jdv.13197}}</ref> | The diagnosis of balanitis is typically made based on the clinical presentation. In some cases, laboratory tests like a swab test or a biopsy may be needed to identify the exact cause, especially if the condition is persistent or recurrent.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Becker|first=K|title=Zoon's balanitis: a comprehensive review|journal=Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology|year=2016|pmid=26040206|doi=10.1111/jdv.13197}}</ref> | ||
Treatment for balanitis usually involves addressing the underlying cause. This can include antifungal medications for Candida infections, antibiotics for bacterial infections, or corticosteroids for inflammatory conditions. Good hygiene practices, such as regular cleaning of the penis and avoidance of irritants, are essential. In refractory cases, circumcision may be considered.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Krakowski|first=AC|title=Early experience with the Shang Ring: a novel male circumcision device for HIV prevention|journal=Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes|year=2011|pmid=21423852|doi=10.1097/QAI.0b013e318216f449}}</ref> | Treatment for balanitis usually involves addressing the underlying cause. This can include antifungal medications for Candida infections, antibiotics for bacterial infections, or corticosteroids for inflammatory conditions. Good hygiene practices, such as regular cleaning of the penis and avoidance of irritants, are essential. In refractory cases, circumcision may be considered.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Krakowski|first=AC|title=Early experience with the Shang Ring: a novel male circumcision device for HIV prevention|journal=Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes|year=2011|pmid=21423852|doi=10.1097/QAI.0b013e318216f449}}</ref> | ||
== Prevention == <!--T:5--> | == Prevention == <!--T:5--> | ||
Prevention of balanitis includes maintaining good hygiene, managing chronic conditions like diabetes, using condoms during sexual intercourse, and avoiding potential irritants. Circumcision is considered a definitive prevention method but is usually reserved for recurrent or severe cases.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Morris|first=BJ|title=Circumcision decreases penile dermatoses in men and their female partners|journal=Journal of Sexual Medicine|year=2009|pmid=19453931|doi=10.1111/j.1743-6109.2009.01293.x}}</ref> | Prevention of balanitis includes maintaining good hygiene, managing chronic conditions like diabetes, using condoms during sexual intercourse, and avoiding potential irritants. Circumcision is considered a definitive prevention method but is usually reserved for recurrent or severe cases.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Morris|first=BJ|title=Circumcision decreases penile dermatoses in men and their female partners|journal=Journal of Sexual Medicine|year=2009|pmid=19453931|doi=10.1111/j.1743-6109.2009.01293.x}}</ref> | ||
== See Also == <!--T:6--> | == See Also == <!--T:6--> | ||
* [[Phimosis]] | * [[Phimosis]] | ||
* [[Paraphimosis]] | * [[Paraphimosis]] | ||
| Line 26: | Line 36: | ||
* [[Sexually transmitted infection]] | * [[Sexually transmitted infection]] | ||
== References == <!--T:7--> | == References == <!--T:7--> | ||
{{reflist}} | {{reflist}} | ||
{{stub}} | {{stub}} | ||
Latest revision as of 18:45, 4 April 2025
Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
W8MD medical weight loss NYC and sleep center NYC
| Balanitis | |
|---|---|
| |
| Synonyms | |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Redness, swelling, itching, pain |
| Complications | Phimosis, paraphimosis, urethral stricture |
| Onset | Any age |
| Duration | Varies |
| Types | N/A |
| Causes | Infection, irritation, allergy |
| Risks | Poor hygiene, diabetes mellitus, obesity, uncircumcised |
| Diagnosis | Physical examination, swab |
| Differential diagnosis | Dermatitis, psoriasis, lichen planus |
| Prevention | Good hygiene, managing diabetes |
| Treatment | Topical antibiotics, antifungals, steroids |
| Medication | Clotrimazole, miconazole, hydrocortisone |
| Prognosis | N/A |
| Frequency | Common |
| Deaths | N/A |
Balanitis is an inflammatory condition affecting the glans penis (head of the penis), which can cause discomfort, itchiness, and erythema (redness). While balanitis itself is restricted to the glans, it can often be part of a more generalized condition, balanoposthitis, which involves both the glans and the prepuce (foreskin).<ref>Edwards, S,
Balanitis and balanoposthitis: a review, Genitourinary Medicine, 1996, DOI: 10.1136/sti.72.3.155, PMID: 8757357,</ref>
Causes and Risk Factors[edit]
Balanitis can be caused by a wide range of conditions and factors, including poor hygiene, uncontrolled diabetes, reactive arthritis, and irritants such as soaps or lubricants. Infectious causes can include yeast infections (primarily Candida species), sexually transmitted infections like herpes simplex virus or syphilis, and bacterial infections.<ref>Kumar, B,
Nonvenereal dermatoses of male genitalia, Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology, 2010, DOI: 10.4103/0378-6323.60548, PMID: 20161855,</ref> It is more common in uncircumcised men, due to the warm, moist environment under the foreskin that can facilitate the growth of microbes.
Clinical Presentation[edit]
Patients with balanitis may present with symptoms like redness, swelling, and discomfort or pain in the glans penis. Other symptoms can include a foul-smelling discharge, difficulty retracting the foreskin, and painful urination (dysuria). In chronic or severe cases, balanitis can result in phimosis (inability to retract the foreskin) or paraphimosis (inability to return a retracted foreskin to its normal position).<ref>Palmer, LS,
Complications of pediatric circumcision, Urologic Clinics of North America, 2001, DOI: 10.1016/S0094-0143(05)70173-7, PMID: 11590812,</ref>
Diagnosis and Treatment[edit]
The diagnosis of balanitis is typically made based on the clinical presentation. In some cases, laboratory tests like a swab test or a biopsy may be needed to identify the exact cause, especially if the condition is persistent or recurrent.<ref>Becker, K,
Zoon's balanitis: a comprehensive review, Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology, 2016, DOI: 10.1111/jdv.13197, PMID: 26040206,</ref>
Treatment for balanitis usually involves addressing the underlying cause. This can include antifungal medications for Candida infections, antibiotics for bacterial infections, or corticosteroids for inflammatory conditions. Good hygiene practices, such as regular cleaning of the penis and avoidance of irritants, are essential. In refractory cases, circumcision may be considered.<ref>Krakowski, AC,
Early experience with the Shang Ring: a novel male circumcision device for HIV prevention, Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 2011, DOI: 10.1097/QAI.0b013e318216f449, PMID: 21423852,</ref>
Prevention[edit]
Prevention of balanitis includes maintaining good hygiene, managing chronic conditions like diabetes, using condoms during sexual intercourse, and avoiding potential irritants. Circumcision is considered a definitive prevention method but is usually reserved for recurrent or severe cases.<ref>Morris, BJ,
Circumcision decreases penile dermatoses in men and their female partners, Journal of Sexual Medicine, 2009, DOI: 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2009.01293.x, PMID: 19453931,</ref>
See Also[edit]
References[edit]
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