Maxillary hypoplasia: Difference between revisions

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{{Infobox medical condition (new)
{{Short description|A condition characterized by underdevelopment of the maxilla}}
| name            = Maxillary hypoplasia
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'''Maxillary hypoplasia''' is an underdevelopment of the [[maxillary bone]]s, which produces midfacial retrusion and creates the illusion of protuberance (jutting forward) of the lower jaw. It is associated with [[Crouzon syndrome]], [[Angelman syndrome]],<ref>{{cite journal| pmc=2986680 | pmid=19455185 | doi=10.1038/ejhg.2009.67 | volume=17 | title=Angelman syndrome (AS, MIM 105830) | year=2009 | author=Van Buggenhout G, Fryns JP | journal=Eur J Hum Genet | pages=1367–73}}</ref> as well as [[fetal alcohol syndrome]]. It can also be associated with [[Cleft lip and cleft palate]]. Some people could develop it due to poor dental extractions.<ref name="wisegeekhealth.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.wisegeekhealth.com/what-is-maxillary-hypoplasia.htm|title=What Is Maxillary Hypoplasia? (with picture)|website=Wisegeekhealth.com|accessdate=9 July 2018}}</ref>


==Signs and symptoms==
'''Maxillary hypoplasia''' is a condition characterized by the underdevelopment of the [[maxilla]], which is the upper jawbone. This condition can affect both the aesthetic appearance and functional aspects of the face, including [[occlusion (dentistry)|occlusion]], [[breathing]], and [[speech]].
The underdevelopment of the bones in the upper jaw, which gives the middle of the face a sunken look and makes the lower jaw seem like it is sticking out, even if anatomically it is normal.<ref name="wisegeekhealth.com"/> This makes it difficult to eat and can cause future problems for the patient, such as, [[Nasopharyngeal airway]] restriction, which can then lead to back pain, neck pain, and numbness in the hands and arms, due to constant forward head posture. This restriction can also lead to [[Sleep apnea]] and snoring. Sleep apnea can lead to heart problems, endocrine problems, increased weight, [[cognition]] problems, etc.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://thinkbetterlife.com/maxillary-hypoplasia-a-cosmetic-problem-with-postural-physiologic-implications-including-sleep-apnea/|title=Maxillary Hypoplasia|date=26 September 2014|website=Thinkbetterlife.com|accessdate=9 July 2018}}</ref>


==Treatment==
==Anatomy of the Maxilla==
Corrective surgery is the most common treatment to correct this disorder. It involves the repositioning of the upper jaw to align with the lower jaw, to provide symmetry. It is best performed during childhood, if possible, to allow the jaw to recover and develop. The surgery may be performed in consultation with an [[Orthodontics|Orthodontist]] who works on repositioning the teeth in the mouth.<ref name="wisegeekhealth.com"/>
The [[maxilla]] is a crucial bone in the facial skeleton, forming the upper jaw and part of the [[orbit (anatomy)|orbit]], the nasal cavity, and the [[hard palate]]. It plays a significant role in the alignment of the teeth and the overall facial structure.


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==Causes of Maxillary Hypoplasia==
title='''Documentary Film - {{PAGENAME}}'''
Maxillary hypoplasia can be caused by a variety of factors, including:
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&rel=1
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===Recovery===
* '''Genetic factors''': Certain genetic conditions, such as [[cleft lip and palate]], can lead to underdevelopment of the maxilla.
The recovery time after the surgery depends on the extent of the surgery itself. Patients are usually advised to eat soft foods for days, or sometimes weeks, to allow their jaw time to heal. They also require regular checkups with the doctor to monitor bone displacement, signs of infection, or other issues.<ref name="wisegeekhealth.com"/>
* '''Environmental factors''': Prenatal exposure to certain substances or conditions can affect maxillary development.
* '''Trauma''': Injury to the facial region during developmental years can result in maxillary hypoplasia.
* '''Syndromes''': Conditions such as [[Crouzon syndrome]] and [[Apert syndrome]] are associated with craniofacial abnormalities, including maxillary hypoplasia.


==References==
==Symptoms and Diagnosis==
{{Reflist}}
Symptoms of maxillary hypoplasia may include:


== External links ==
* '''Facial asymmetry''': The face may appear imbalanced due to the underdeveloped maxilla.
{{Medical resources
* '''Malocclusion''': Misalignment of the teeth, often resulting in an [[underbite]].
|  DiseasesDB    = 34904
* '''Breathing difficulties''': Due to the impact on the nasal cavity.
|  ICD10          = {{ICD10|K|07|0|k|00}} 
* '''Speech difficulties''': Resulting from altered oral cavity structure.
|  ICD9          = {{ICD9|524.03}}
|  ICDO          = 
|  OMIM          = 
|  MedlinePlus    = 
|  eMedicineSubj  = 
|  eMedicineTopic = 
|  MeshID        =
}}
{{Dentofacial anomalies and jaw disease}}


[[Category:Jaw disorders]]
Diagnosis typically involves a combination of clinical examination and imaging studies, such as [[X-ray|X-rays]] or [[CT scan|CT scans]], to assess the extent of the hypoplasia.


==Treatment Options==
Treatment for maxillary hypoplasia often involves a multidisciplinary approach, including:


{{disease-stub}}
* '''Orthodontics''': To correct dental alignment and occlusion.
{{dentistry-stub}}
* '''Surgery''': [[Orthognathic surgery]] may be necessary to reposition the maxilla and improve facial symmetry.
* '''Prosthetics''': In some cases, dental prosthetics can help improve function and appearance.
 
==Prognosis==
With appropriate treatment, individuals with maxillary hypoplasia can achieve significant improvements in both function and appearance. Early intervention often leads to better outcomes.
 
==Related pages==
* [[Orthognathic surgery]]
* [[Cleft lip and palate]]
* [[Crouzon syndrome]]
* [[Apert syndrome]]
 
[[File:Maxillary_Hypoplasia_1.jpg|thumb|right|Illustration of maxillary hypoplasia]]
 
[[Category:Craniofacial disorders]]
[[Category:Congenital disorders]]

Revision as of 05:57, 16 February 2025

A condition characterized by underdevelopment of the maxilla



Maxillary hypoplasia is a condition characterized by the underdevelopment of the maxilla, which is the upper jawbone. This condition can affect both the aesthetic appearance and functional aspects of the face, including occlusion, breathing, and speech.

Anatomy of the Maxilla

The maxilla is a crucial bone in the facial skeleton, forming the upper jaw and part of the orbit, the nasal cavity, and the hard palate. It plays a significant role in the alignment of the teeth and the overall facial structure.

Causes of Maxillary Hypoplasia

Maxillary hypoplasia can be caused by a variety of factors, including:

  • Genetic factors: Certain genetic conditions, such as cleft lip and palate, can lead to underdevelopment of the maxilla.
  • Environmental factors: Prenatal exposure to certain substances or conditions can affect maxillary development.
  • Trauma: Injury to the facial region during developmental years can result in maxillary hypoplasia.
  • Syndromes: Conditions such as Crouzon syndrome and Apert syndrome are associated with craniofacial abnormalities, including maxillary hypoplasia.

Symptoms and Diagnosis

Symptoms of maxillary hypoplasia may include:

  • Facial asymmetry: The face may appear imbalanced due to the underdeveloped maxilla.
  • Malocclusion: Misalignment of the teeth, often resulting in an underbite.
  • Breathing difficulties: Due to the impact on the nasal cavity.
  • Speech difficulties: Resulting from altered oral cavity structure.

Diagnosis typically involves a combination of clinical examination and imaging studies, such as X-rays or CT scans, to assess the extent of the hypoplasia.

Treatment Options

Treatment for maxillary hypoplasia often involves a multidisciplinary approach, including:

  • Orthodontics: To correct dental alignment and occlusion.
  • Surgery: Orthognathic surgery may be necessary to reposition the maxilla and improve facial symmetry.
  • Prosthetics: In some cases, dental prosthetics can help improve function and appearance.

Prognosis

With appropriate treatment, individuals with maxillary hypoplasia can achieve significant improvements in both function and appearance. Early intervention often leads to better outcomes.

Related pages

Illustration of maxillary hypoplasia
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