Umbilical cord prolapse: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox medical condition | |||
[[File:Cord.prolaps.jpg|thumb| | | name = Umbilical cord prolapse | ||
[[File:Herself;_talks_with_women_concerning_themselves_(1911)_(14781210692).jpg|thumb|Historical depiction of childbirth]] | | image = [[File:Cord.prolaps.jpg|left|thumb|Umbilical cord prolapse]] | ||
| caption = Umbilical cord prolapse during labor | |||
| field = [[Obstetrics]] | |||
| synonyms = Cord prolapse | |||
| symptoms = [[Fetal distress]], visible or palpable cord at the [[vagina]] | |||
| complications = [[Fetal hypoxia]], [[fetal death]] | |||
| onset = [[Labor (childbirth)|Labor]] | |||
| duration = Until delivery | |||
| causes = [[Premature rupture of membranes]], [[polyhydramnios]], [[multiple gestation]] | |||
| risks = [[Breech presentation]], [[transverse lie]], [[preterm birth]] | |||
| diagnosis = [[Physical examination]], [[fetal heart rate monitoring]] | |||
| differential = [[Cord presentation]], [[vasa previa]] | |||
| prevention = Avoiding [[artificial rupture of membranes]] in high-risk cases | |||
| treatment = [[Emergency cesarean section]], manual elevation of the presenting part | |||
| prognosis = Depends on promptness of delivery | |||
| frequency = 0.1% to 0.6% of deliveries | |||
}} | |||
[[File:Herself;_talks_with_women_concerning_themselves_(1911)_(14781210692).jpg|left|thumb|Historical depiction of childbirth]] | |||
'''Umbilical cord prolapse''' is an obstetric emergency that occurs when the [[umbilical cord]] slips ahead of the presenting part of the fetus and protrudes into the [[vagina]] or beyond, potentially leading to compromised blood flow to the fetus. This condition requires immediate medical intervention to prevent fetal hypoxia and other complications. | '''Umbilical cord prolapse''' is an obstetric emergency that occurs when the [[umbilical cord]] slips ahead of the presenting part of the fetus and protrudes into the [[vagina]] or beyond, potentially leading to compromised blood flow to the fetus. This condition requires immediate medical intervention to prevent fetal hypoxia and other complications. | ||
== Causes == | == Causes == | ||
Umbilical cord prolapse can occur due to several factors, including: | Umbilical cord prolapse can occur due to several factors, including: | ||
* [[Premature rupture of membranes]] | * [[Premature rupture of membranes]] | ||
* [[Polyhydramnios]] (excessive amniotic fluid) | * [[Polyhydramnios]] (excessive amniotic fluid) | ||
| Line 15: | Line 28: | ||
* Abnormal fetal presentation, such as [[breech presentation]] | * Abnormal fetal presentation, such as [[breech presentation]] | ||
* Long umbilical cord | * Long umbilical cord | ||
== Diagnosis == | == Diagnosis == | ||
Diagnosis of umbilical cord prolapse is typically made during a [[pelvic examination]] when the cord is felt or seen in the vagina. It may also be suspected if there is a sudden change in the fetal heart rate pattern, such as [[bradycardia]] or variable decelerations. | Diagnosis of umbilical cord prolapse is typically made during a [[pelvic examination]] when the cord is felt or seen in the vagina. It may also be suspected if there is a sudden change in the fetal heart rate pattern, such as [[bradycardia]] or variable decelerations. | ||
== Management == | == Management == | ||
Immediate management of umbilical cord prolapse involves: | Immediate management of umbilical cord prolapse involves: | ||
* Repositioning the mother to relieve pressure on the cord, such as the [[knee-chest position]] or Trendelenburg position. | * Repositioning the mother to relieve pressure on the cord, such as the [[knee-chest position]] or Trendelenburg position. | ||
* Manual elevation of the presenting fetal part to reduce cord compression. | * Manual elevation of the presenting fetal part to reduce cord compression. | ||
* Emergency [[cesarean section]] to deliver the baby as quickly as possible. | * Emergency [[cesarean section]] to deliver the baby as quickly as possible. | ||
== Prognosis == | == Prognosis == | ||
The prognosis for umbilical cord prolapse depends on the speed of diagnosis and intervention. Prompt delivery can prevent serious complications, but delays can lead to fetal distress, hypoxia, or even stillbirth. | The prognosis for umbilical cord prolapse depends on the speed of diagnosis and intervention. Prompt delivery can prevent serious complications, but delays can lead to fetal distress, hypoxia, or even stillbirth. | ||
== Prevention == | == Prevention == | ||
Preventive measures include careful monitoring of high-risk pregnancies and avoiding unnecessary rupture of membranes when the fetal head is not engaged. | Preventive measures include careful monitoring of high-risk pregnancies and avoiding unnecessary rupture of membranes when the fetal head is not engaged. | ||
== See also == | |||
== | |||
* [[Obstetrics]] | * [[Obstetrics]] | ||
* [[Fetal distress]] | * [[Fetal distress]] | ||
* [[Cesarean section]] | * [[Cesarean section]] | ||
== References == | == References == | ||
{{Reflist}} | {{Reflist}} | ||
[[Category:Obstetrics]] | [[Category:Obstetrics]] | ||
[[Category:Medical emergencies]] | [[Category:Medical emergencies]] | ||
Latest revision as of 14:36, 9 April 2025
Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
W8MD's medical weight loss NYC, sleep center NYC
Philadelphia medical weight loss and Philadelphia sleep clinics
| Umbilical cord prolapse | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Synonyms | Cord prolapse |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Fetal distress, visible or palpable cord at the vagina |
| Complications | Fetal hypoxia, fetal death |
| Onset | Labor |
| Duration | Until delivery |
| Types | N/A |
| Causes | Premature rupture of membranes, polyhydramnios, multiple gestation |
| Risks | Breech presentation, transverse lie, preterm birth |
| Diagnosis | Physical examination, fetal heart rate monitoring |
| Differential diagnosis | Cord presentation, vasa previa |
| Prevention | Avoiding artificial rupture of membranes in high-risk cases |
| Treatment | Emergency cesarean section, manual elevation of the presenting part |
| Medication | N/A |
| Prognosis | Depends on promptness of delivery |
| Frequency | 0.1% to 0.6% of deliveries |
| Deaths | N/A |
_(14781210692).jpg)
Umbilical cord prolapse is an obstetric emergency that occurs when the umbilical cord slips ahead of the presenting part of the fetus and protrudes into the vagina or beyond, potentially leading to compromised blood flow to the fetus. This condition requires immediate medical intervention to prevent fetal hypoxia and other complications.
Causes[edit]
Umbilical cord prolapse can occur due to several factors, including:
- Premature rupture of membranes
- Polyhydramnios (excessive amniotic fluid)
- Multiple pregnancy
- Abnormal fetal presentation, such as breech presentation
- Long umbilical cord
Diagnosis[edit]
Diagnosis of umbilical cord prolapse is typically made during a pelvic examination when the cord is felt or seen in the vagina. It may also be suspected if there is a sudden change in the fetal heart rate pattern, such as bradycardia or variable decelerations.
Management[edit]
Immediate management of umbilical cord prolapse involves:
- Repositioning the mother to relieve pressure on the cord, such as the knee-chest position or Trendelenburg position.
- Manual elevation of the presenting fetal part to reduce cord compression.
- Emergency cesarean section to deliver the baby as quickly as possible.
Prognosis[edit]
The prognosis for umbilical cord prolapse depends on the speed of diagnosis and intervention. Prompt delivery can prevent serious complications, but delays can lead to fetal distress, hypoxia, or even stillbirth.
Prevention[edit]
Preventive measures include careful monitoring of high-risk pregnancies and avoiding unnecessary rupture of membranes when the fetal head is not engaged.
See also[edit]
References[edit]
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