Extravasation (intravenous): Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox medical condition | |||
| name = Extravasation (intravenous) | |||
| synonyms = | |||
| specialty = [[Oncology]], [[Emergency medicine]] | |||
| symptoms = [[Pain]], [[swelling]], [[redness]] at the site of [[intravenous therapy|IV]] | |||
| complications = [[Tissue necrosis]], [[infection]], [[ulceration]] | |||
| onset = During or shortly after [[intravenous therapy]] | |||
| duration = Varies depending on severity and treatment | |||
| causes = Leakage of [[intravenous therapy|IV]] fluids into surrounding tissue | |||
| risks = Use of [[vesicant]] drugs, improper [[intravenous therapy|IV]] placement | |||
| diagnosis = Clinical evaluation, [[imaging]] if necessary | |||
| differential = [[Infiltration (medical)]], [[phlebitis]], [[cellulitis]] | |||
| prevention = Proper [[intravenous therapy|IV]] technique, monitoring of [[intravenous therapy|IV]] site | |||
| treatment = [[Cold compress]], [[elevation]], [[hyaluronidase]] injection, surgical intervention in severe cases | |||
| prognosis = Generally good with prompt treatment, but can lead to complications if untreated | |||
| frequency = Varies, more common with certain [[chemotherapy]] agents | |||
}} | |||
'''Extravasation''' is the process where a fluid, such as a drug or contrast agent, leaks into the surrounding tissue from a [[blood vessel]]. This can occur during [[intravenous therapy]] when the vein wall is punctured and the fluid is inadvertently administered into the perivascular space. Extravasation can cause various complications, ranging from mild irritation to severe tissue damage. | '''Extravasation''' is the process where a fluid, such as a drug or contrast agent, leaks into the surrounding tissue from a [[blood vessel]]. This can occur during [[intravenous therapy]] when the vein wall is punctured and the fluid is inadvertently administered into the perivascular space. Extravasation can cause various complications, ranging from mild irritation to severe tissue damage. | ||
==Causes== | ==Causes== | ||
Extravasation can occur due to several reasons. It can happen if the [[cannula]] or needle moves out of the vein, or if the vein becomes damaged. Certain medications, especially [[chemotherapy]] drugs, are more likely to cause extravasation. | Extravasation can occur due to several reasons. It can happen if the [[cannula]] or needle moves out of the vein, or if the vein becomes damaged. Certain medications, especially [[chemotherapy]] drugs, are more likely to cause extravasation. | ||
==Symptoms== | ==Symptoms== | ||
Symptoms of extravasation can include pain, swelling, redness, and a burning sensation at the injection site. In severe cases, blistering, tissue necrosis, and even limb loss can occur. | Symptoms of extravasation can include pain, swelling, redness, and a burning sensation at the injection site. In severe cases, blistering, tissue necrosis, and even limb loss can occur. | ||
==Prevention== | ==Prevention== | ||
Prevention of extravasation involves careful placement and maintenance of the intravenous line. Regular monitoring of the IV site and immediate cessation of the infusion if any signs of extravasation are noted can help prevent severe complications. | Prevention of extravasation involves careful placement and maintenance of the intravenous line. Regular monitoring of the IV site and immediate cessation of the infusion if any signs of extravasation are noted can help prevent severe complications. | ||
==Treatment== | ==Treatment== | ||
Treatment of extravasation depends on the type of fluid that has leaked and the severity of the symptoms. It may involve stopping the infusion, removing the IV line, applying a cold or warm compress, elevating the affected limb, and administering antidotes if necessary. In severe cases, surgical intervention may be required. | Treatment of extravasation depends on the type of fluid that has leaked and the severity of the symptoms. It may involve stopping the infusion, removing the IV line, applying a cold or warm compress, elevating the affected limb, and administering antidotes if necessary. In severe cases, surgical intervention may be required. | ||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
* [[Infiltration (medical)]] | * [[Infiltration (medical)]] | ||
* [[Phlebitis]] | * [[Phlebitis]] | ||
* [[Intravenous therapy]] | * [[Intravenous therapy]] | ||
[[Category:Medical emergencies]] | [[Category:Medical emergencies]] | ||
[[Category:Intravenous therapy]] | [[Category:Intravenous therapy]] | ||
[[Category:Complications of surgical and medical care]] | [[Category:Complications of surgical and medical care]] | ||
{{medicine-stub}} | {{medicine-stub}} | ||
{{No image}} | |||
Latest revision as of 04:56, 4 April 2025
| Extravasation (intravenous) | |
|---|---|
| Synonyms | |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | Oncology, Emergency medicine |
| Symptoms | Pain, swelling, redness at the site of IV |
| Complications | Tissue necrosis, infection, ulceration |
| Onset | During or shortly after intravenous therapy |
| Duration | Varies depending on severity and treatment |
| Types | N/A |
| Causes | Leakage of IV fluids into surrounding tissue |
| Risks | Use of vesicant drugs, improper IV placement |
| Diagnosis | Clinical evaluation, imaging if necessary |
| Differential diagnosis | Infiltration (medical), phlebitis, cellulitis |
| Prevention | Proper IV technique, monitoring of IV site |
| Treatment | Cold compress, elevation, hyaluronidase injection, surgical intervention in severe cases |
| Medication | N/A |
| Prognosis | Generally good with prompt treatment, but can lead to complications if untreated |
| Frequency | Varies, more common with certain chemotherapy agents |
| Deaths | N/A |
Extravasation is the process where a fluid, such as a drug or contrast agent, leaks into the surrounding tissue from a blood vessel. This can occur during intravenous therapy when the vein wall is punctured and the fluid is inadvertently administered into the perivascular space. Extravasation can cause various complications, ranging from mild irritation to severe tissue damage.
Causes[edit]
Extravasation can occur due to several reasons. It can happen if the cannula or needle moves out of the vein, or if the vein becomes damaged. Certain medications, especially chemotherapy drugs, are more likely to cause extravasation.
Symptoms[edit]
Symptoms of extravasation can include pain, swelling, redness, and a burning sensation at the injection site. In severe cases, blistering, tissue necrosis, and even limb loss can occur.
Prevention[edit]
Prevention of extravasation involves careful placement and maintenance of the intravenous line. Regular monitoring of the IV site and immediate cessation of the infusion if any signs of extravasation are noted can help prevent severe complications.
Treatment[edit]
Treatment of extravasation depends on the type of fluid that has leaked and the severity of the symptoms. It may involve stopping the infusion, removing the IV line, applying a cold or warm compress, elevating the affected limb, and administering antidotes if necessary. In severe cases, surgical intervention may be required.
