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'''Torin-1''' is a potent and selective [[mTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin)|mTOR]] inhibitor that is used in biological and medical research. It was first identified in a study by Thoreen et al. in 2009, where it was shown to inhibit mTORC1 and mTORC2 with an IC50 of 2 nM and 10 nM, respectively.
== Torin-1 ==
 
[[File:Torin1_structure.png|thumb|right|Chemical structure of Torin-1]]
 
'''Torin-1''' is a potent and selective inhibitor of the [[mammalian target of rapamycin]] (mTOR), a key regulatory kinase involved in cell growth, proliferation, and survival. It is widely used in [[biological research]] to study the mTOR signaling pathway and its role in various cellular processes.


== Mechanism of Action ==
== Mechanism of Action ==


Torin-1 acts by binding to the ATP-binding cleft of mTOR, which leads to the inhibition of both [[mTORC1]] and [[mTORC2]] complexes. This inhibition results in the dephosphorylation of downstream targets, including [[p70S6 Kinase]] and [[4E-BP1]], thereby inhibiting protein synthesis and cell growth.
Torin-1 functions by inhibiting both mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and mTOR complex 2 (mTORC2). This dual inhibition is significant because mTORC1 and mTORC2 regulate different aspects of cellular metabolism and growth. By targeting both complexes, Torin-1 effectively suppresses mTOR signaling, leading to reduced protein synthesis and cell proliferation.


== Applications in Research ==
== Applications in Research ==


Due to its potent inhibitory action on mTOR, Torin-1 has been widely used in research to study the role of mTOR signaling in various biological processes and diseases. For example, it has been used to investigate the role of mTOR in autophagy, cancer, aging, and neurodegeneration.
Torin-1 is primarily used in [[cancer research]] to investigate the role of mTOR in tumor growth and progression. It has been shown to induce [[autophagy]], a cellular degradation process, by inhibiting mTORC1. This property makes it a valuable tool for studying the interplay between mTOR signaling and autophagy.
 
In addition to cancer research, Torin-1 is used to explore mTOR's involvement in [[metabolic disorders]], [[neurodegenerative diseases]], and [[aging]]. Its ability to modulate mTOR activity provides insights into the potential therapeutic applications of mTOR inhibitors.


== Side Effects and Limitations ==
== Chemical Properties ==


While Torin-1 is a powerful tool for research, it is not without its limitations. One of the main concerns is its potential for toxicity, as mTOR plays a crucial role in many normal cellular processes. Additionally, as with any inhibitor, there is the potential for off-target effects.
Torin-1 is a small molecule with a complex chemical structure, as depicted in the image on the right. Its design allows for high specificity and potency in inhibiting mTOR, making it a preferred choice in experimental settings.


== See Also ==
== Safety and Handling ==


* [[mTOR]]
As with many chemical inhibitors, proper safety protocols should be followed when handling Torin-1. It should be used in a controlled laboratory environment, with appropriate personal protective equipment to minimize exposure.
* [[mTORC1]]
* [[mTORC2]]
* [[Autophagy]]
* [[Cancer]]
* [[Aging]]
* [[Neurodegeneration]]


== References ==
== Related Pages ==


<references />
* [[mTOR signaling pathway]]
* [[Autophagy]]
* [[Cancer research]]
* [[Protein synthesis]]


[[Category:Biochemistry]]
[[Category:Pharmacology]]
[[Category:Pharmacology]]
[[Category:Biochemistry]]
[[Category:Cancer research]]
[[Category:Cell biology]]
[[Category:Molecular biology]]
[[Category:Signal transduction]]
 
{{pharmacology-stub}}

Latest revision as of 03:45, 13 February 2025

Torin-1[edit]

Chemical structure of Torin-1

Torin-1 is a potent and selective inhibitor of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), a key regulatory kinase involved in cell growth, proliferation, and survival. It is widely used in biological research to study the mTOR signaling pathway and its role in various cellular processes.

Mechanism of Action[edit]

Torin-1 functions by inhibiting both mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and mTOR complex 2 (mTORC2). This dual inhibition is significant because mTORC1 and mTORC2 regulate different aspects of cellular metabolism and growth. By targeting both complexes, Torin-1 effectively suppresses mTOR signaling, leading to reduced protein synthesis and cell proliferation.

Applications in Research[edit]

Torin-1 is primarily used in cancer research to investigate the role of mTOR in tumor growth and progression. It has been shown to induce autophagy, a cellular degradation process, by inhibiting mTORC1. This property makes it a valuable tool for studying the interplay between mTOR signaling and autophagy.

In addition to cancer research, Torin-1 is used to explore mTOR's involvement in metabolic disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, and aging. Its ability to modulate mTOR activity provides insights into the potential therapeutic applications of mTOR inhibitors.

Chemical Properties[edit]

Torin-1 is a small molecule with a complex chemical structure, as depicted in the image on the right. Its design allows for high specificity and potency in inhibiting mTOR, making it a preferred choice in experimental settings.

Safety and Handling[edit]

As with many chemical inhibitors, proper safety protocols should be followed when handling Torin-1. It should be used in a controlled laboratory environment, with appropriate personal protective equipment to minimize exposure.

Related Pages[edit]