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Mania is a mental disorder characterized by extreme excitement, happiness, overactivity, and agitation. It is usually associated with the high points of bipolar disorder, formerly known as manic-depressive disorder. Mania can manifest in various forms, ranging from an intense interest or obsession with a particular subject to severe mood disturbances. This article provides an overview of the different types of manias, with examples of specific conditions and phenomena.
{{SI}}
 
{{Infobox medical condition
== Types of Manias==
| name                    = Mania
 
| image                  = [[File:Cat_and_lion_in_mirror_illustration.svg|250px]]
===Psychological Conditions===
| caption                = An illustration symbolizing the distorted self-perception in mania
 
| field                  = [[Psychiatry]]
====A====
| symptoms                = Elevated mood, increased activity, decreased need for sleep, grandiosity, racing thoughts
 
| complications          = [[Substance abuse]], [[financial problems]], [[legal issues]], [[relationship problems]]
* [[Aboulomania]] – Indecisiveness (aboulo- (Greek) meaning irresolution or indecision)
| onset                  = Typically in [[young adulthood]]
* [[Andromania]] – Human sexual behavior and desire towards males in females (andro- (Greek) meaning man, men, male or masculine) Can be replaced by [[hypersexuality]], nymphomania, cytheromania or hysteromania.
| duration                = Days to months
* [[Anglomania]] – England and a passion or obsession with the English (i.e. [[anglophile]]) See also [[anglophobia]].
| types                  = [[Hypomania]], [[Bipolar I disorder]], [[Bipolar II disorder]]
* [[Anthomania]] – Flowers (antho- (Greek) meaning flower)
| causes                  = [[Genetic predisposition]], [[stress]], [[sleep deprivation]], [[substance use]]
* [[Arithmomania]], arithomania – Numbers and counting (arithmo- (Greek) meaning number)
| risks                  = Family history of [[bipolar disorder]], high [[stress]] levels, [[substance abuse]]
====B====
| diagnosis              = Clinical evaluation, [[DSM-5]] criteria
 
| differential            = [[Schizophrenia]], [[ADHD]], [[borderline personality disorder]]
* [[Bibliomania]] – Books and reading (biblio- (Greek) meaning books)
| treatment              = [[Mood stabilizers]], [[antipsychotics]], [[psychotherapy]]
====C====
| medication              = [[Lithium (medication)|Lithium]], [[valproate]], [[olanzapine]], [[quetiapine]]
 
| prognosis              = Variable; can be managed with treatment
* [[Choreomania]], choromania – Dancing (choreo- (Greek) meaning dance)
| frequency              = Affects approximately 1% of the population
====D====
| deaths                  = Rare, but increased risk of [[suicide]]
 
}}
* [[Demonomania]] – One's own demonic possession (delusional conviction)
'''Mania''' is a state of abnormally elevated arousal, affect, and energy level, or "a state of heightened overall activation with enhanced affective expression together with lability of affect." Although mania is often conceived as a "mirror image" to [[depression]], the heightened mood can be either euphoric or irritable, and indeed, as the mania progresses, irritability can become more prominent and result in violence or anxiety.
* [[Decalcomania]] – Decal (decorative technique of transferring specially prepared paper prints to ceramic surfaces, i.e., glass, porcelain, etc.)
== Symptoms ==
* [[Dermatillomania]] – Picking at the skin
Mania is characterized by a distinct period of abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood, and abnormally and persistently increased activity or energy. The symptoms of mania can include:
* [[Dipsomania]] – Alcohol (dipso- (Greek) meaning thirst)
* Increased energy, activity, and restlessness
* [[Drapetomania]] – Running away from home ([[pseudoscience]])
* Excessively "high," overly good, euphoric mood
* [[Dromomania]] – Traveling
* Extreme irritability
====E====
* Racing thoughts and talking very fast, jumping from one idea to another
 
* Distractibility, inability to concentrate well
* [[Egomania]] – Oneself and self-worship (ego- (Latin) meaning I, first person and singular pronoun)
* Little need for sleep
* [[Ergomania]], ergasiomania – Work (ergasio- or ergo- (Greek) meaning work)
* Unrealistic beliefs in one's abilities and powers
* [[Erotomania]] – Sexual desire or sexual attraction from strangers (delusional conviction) (eroto- (Greek) meaning sexual passion or desire)
* Poor judgment
* [[Etheromania]] – Ether (ethero- (Greek > Latin) meaning upper air or sky)
* Spending sprees
* [[Epomania]] – Craze for writing epics
* Increased sexual drive
* [[Eleutheromania]] – An intense and irresistible desire for freedom
* Abuse of drugs, particularly cocaine, alcohol, and sleeping medications
====G====
* Provocative, intrusive, or aggressive behavior
 
== Causes ==
* [[Graphomania]] – Writing (grapho- (Greek) meaning to write)
The exact cause of mania is not fully understood, but it is believed to be a result of a combination of genetic, neurobiological, and environmental factors. Mania is often associated with [[bipolar disorder]], where individuals experience episodes of mania and depression. Other potential causes include:
====H====
* [[Genetics]]: A family history of bipolar disorder or other mood disorders can increase the risk of developing mania.
 
* [[Neurotransmitter]] imbalances: Abnormal levels of neurotransmitters such as dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine may contribute to mania.
* [[Hippomania]] – A passion and obsession with horses
* [[Stress]]: High levels of stress or traumatic events can trigger manic episodes in susceptible individuals.
* [[Hypermania]] – Severe mania—mental state with high-intensity disorientation and often violent behavior, symptomatic of [[bipolar disorder]] (hyper- (Greek) meaning abnormal excess)
* [[Substance abuse]]: The use of drugs or alcohol can precipitate or exacerbate manic episodes.
* [[Hypomania]] – Mild mania—mental state with persistent and pervasive elevated or irritable mood, symptomatic of bipolar disorder (hypo- (Greek) meaning deficient)
== Diagnosis ==
====K====
The diagnosis of mania is primarily clinical, based on the history and presentation of symptoms. It is important to differentiate mania from other psychiatric conditions such as [[schizophrenia]] or [[attention deficit hyperactivity disorder]] (ADHD). The [[Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders]] (DSM-5) provides criteria for diagnosing mania, which include the presence of elevated mood and increased activity or energy lasting at least one week, along with three or more additional symptoms.
 
== Treatment ==
* [[Kleptomania]], klopemania – Stealing
Treatment for mania typically involves a combination of medication and psychotherapy. The primary goal is to stabilize the mood and prevent future episodes. Common treatments include:
* [[Klazomania]] – Screaming
* [[Mood stabilizers]]: Medications such as lithium, valproate, and carbamazepine are often used to control manic episodes.
====L====
* [[Antipsychotics]]: Atypical antipsychotics like olanzapine, risperidone, and quetiapine can be effective in managing mania.
 
* [[Psychotherapy]]: Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and other forms of therapy can help individuals manage symptoms and develop coping strategies.
* [[logorrhea (psychology)|Logomania]] – Being wordy and talkative, i.e., loquacity
* [[Lifestyle modifications]]: Regular sleep patterns, stress management, and avoiding drugs and alcohol can help prevent manic episodes.
* [[Lisztomania (phenomenon)|Lisztomania]] – An obsession with Franz Liszt
== See Also ==
 
* [[Bipolar disorder]]
* [[Ludomania]] – Gambling
* [[Depression]]
====M====
* [[Schizophrenia]]
 
* [[Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder]]
* [[Mania]] – Severely elevated mood
[[Category:Psychiatric disorders]]
* [[Megalomania]] – Wealth and power
* [[Metromania]] – Writing verse
* [[micromania (disambiguation)|Micromania]] – Self-deprecation
* [[Monomania]] – A single object, type of object, or concept
* [[Morsusmania]] – Excessive or unbridled enthusiasm for biting
* [[Mythomania]] – Lying
====N====
 
* [[Necromania]] – Being sexual with dead bodies ([[necrophilia]])
* [[Nymphomania]] – An obsolete term for female hypersexuality
====O====
 
* [[Oniomania]] – Desire to shop
* [[Onychotillomania]] – Picking at the fingernails
====P====
 
* [[Plutomania]] – Money or wealth ([[ploutos]]- (Greek) meaning wealth)
* [[Pottermania]] – [[Harry Potter]]
* [[Pteridomania]] – Ferns
* [[Pyromania]] – Fire or starting fires
====R====
 
* [[Rhinotillexomania]] – Nose picking ([[Human nose|rhino]]- (Greek) meaning nose and [[tillexis]]- meaning to pluck, tear, pull, or pick at)
====S====
 
* [[Satyromania]] – Excessive, often uncontrollable sexual desire in and behavior by a man (satyr- (Greek > Latin) meaning a woodland deity, part man and part goat; riotous merriment and lechery)
====T====
 
* [[Theomania]] – One's own divinity or one's divine mission
* [[Toxicomania]] – Poisons
* [[Trichotillomania]] – Hair removal
* [[Typomania]] – Printing one’s works
====X====
 
* [[Xenomania]] – Foreign things
==Other==
 
* [[Beatlemania]] – [[the Beatles]] (an obsession with the Beatles)
* [[Tulip mania|Tulipomania]] – A metaphor for an [[economic bubble]]
* [[Fennomania]] and [[Svecomania]] – Political groups in the [[Grand Duchy of Finland]]
* [[Trudeaumania]] – The [[Canada|Canadian]] politician [[Pierre Trudeau]]
* [[TrackMania]] – An arcade game
* [[WrestleMania]] – The annual flagship [[pay-per-view]] event of [[WWE]]
* [[Tazmania]] – An early 1990s cartoon show, featuring [[Looney Tunes]] character Taz ([[The Tasmanian Devil]]).
* [[Decalcomania]] – Transferring pictures, an artistic technique
{{stub}}
{{Mood disorders}}
{{Mental and behavioral disorders|selected = mood}}
[[Category:Glossaries of medicine]]
[[Category:Lists of words|Mania]]
[[Category:Mania]]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Mania}}
[[Category:Glossaries of medicine]]
[[Category:Lists of words]]
[[Category:Mania]]

Latest revision as of 05:16, 6 April 2025

Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
W8MD's medical weight loss NYC, sleep center NYC
Philadelphia medical weight loss and Philadelphia sleep clinics

Mania
Synonyms N/A
Pronounce N/A
Specialty N/A
Symptoms Elevated mood, increased activity, decreased need for sleep, grandiosity, racing thoughts
Complications Substance abuse, financial problems, legal issues, relationship problems
Onset Typically in young adulthood
Duration Days to months
Types Hypomania, Bipolar I disorder, Bipolar II disorder
Causes Genetic predisposition, stress, sleep deprivation, substance use
Risks Family history of bipolar disorder, high stress levels, substance abuse
Diagnosis Clinical evaluation, DSM-5 criteria
Differential diagnosis Schizophrenia, ADHD, borderline personality disorder
Prevention N/A
Treatment Mood stabilizers, antipsychotics, psychotherapy
Medication Lithium, valproate, olanzapine, quetiapine
Prognosis Variable; can be managed with treatment
Frequency Affects approximately 1% of the population
Deaths Rare, but increased risk of suicide


Mania is a state of abnormally elevated arousal, affect, and energy level, or "a state of heightened overall activation with enhanced affective expression together with lability of affect." Although mania is often conceived as a "mirror image" to depression, the heightened mood can be either euphoric or irritable, and indeed, as the mania progresses, irritability can become more prominent and result in violence or anxiety.

Symptoms[edit]

Mania is characterized by a distinct period of abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood, and abnormally and persistently increased activity or energy. The symptoms of mania can include:

  • Increased energy, activity, and restlessness
  • Excessively "high," overly good, euphoric mood
  • Extreme irritability
  • Racing thoughts and talking very fast, jumping from one idea to another
  • Distractibility, inability to concentrate well
  • Little need for sleep
  • Unrealistic beliefs in one's abilities and powers
  • Poor judgment
  • Spending sprees
  • Increased sexual drive
  • Abuse of drugs, particularly cocaine, alcohol, and sleeping medications
  • Provocative, intrusive, or aggressive behavior

Causes[edit]

The exact cause of mania is not fully understood, but it is believed to be a result of a combination of genetic, neurobiological, and environmental factors. Mania is often associated with bipolar disorder, where individuals experience episodes of mania and depression. Other potential causes include:

  • Genetics: A family history of bipolar disorder or other mood disorders can increase the risk of developing mania.
  • Neurotransmitter imbalances: Abnormal levels of neurotransmitters such as dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine may contribute to mania.
  • Stress: High levels of stress or traumatic events can trigger manic episodes in susceptible individuals.
  • Substance abuse: The use of drugs or alcohol can precipitate or exacerbate manic episodes.

Diagnosis[edit]

The diagnosis of mania is primarily clinical, based on the history and presentation of symptoms. It is important to differentiate mania from other psychiatric conditions such as schizophrenia or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) provides criteria for diagnosing mania, which include the presence of elevated mood and increased activity or energy lasting at least one week, along with three or more additional symptoms.

Treatment[edit]

Treatment for mania typically involves a combination of medication and psychotherapy. The primary goal is to stabilize the mood and prevent future episodes. Common treatments include:

  • Mood stabilizers: Medications such as lithium, valproate, and carbamazepine are often used to control manic episodes.
  • Antipsychotics: Atypical antipsychotics like olanzapine, risperidone, and quetiapine can be effective in managing mania.
  • Psychotherapy: Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and other forms of therapy can help individuals manage symptoms and develop coping strategies.
  • Lifestyle modifications: Regular sleep patterns, stress management, and avoiding drugs and alcohol can help prevent manic episodes.

See Also[edit]

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