Opisthotonus: Difference between revisions
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= Opisthotonus = | {{SI}} | ||
{{Infobox medical condition | |||
[[File: | | name = Opisthotonus | ||
| image = [[File:Opisthotonus_in_a_patient_suffering_from_tetanus_-_Painting_by_Sir_Charles_Bell_-_1809.jpg]] | |||
'''Opisthotonus''' or '''opisthotonos''' (from Ancient Greek: | | image_size = 250px | ||
| alt = Painting of a patient with opisthotonus | |||
| caption = Opisthotonus in a patient suffering from [[tetanus]] | |||
| field = [[Neurology]] | |||
| symptoms = Severe [[muscle spasm]]s, [[hyperextension]] of the back | |||
| complications = [[Respiratory failure]], [[aspiration pneumonia]] | |||
| onset = Sudden | |||
| duration = Variable | |||
| causes = [[Tetanus]], [[meningitis]], [[severe head injury]], [[cerebral palsy]] | |||
| risks = [[Infection]], [[trauma]] | |||
| diagnosis = Clinical evaluation, [[neurological examination]] | |||
| differential = [[Seizure disorder]], [[dystonia]], [[decerebrate posture]] | |||
| treatment = [[Muscle relaxant]]s, [[sedation]], [[antibiotics]] for infection | |||
| medication = [[Diazepam]], [[baclofen]], [[dantrolene]] | |||
| prognosis = Depends on underlying cause | |||
| frequency = Rare | |||
}} | |||
'''Opisthotonus''' or '''opisthotonos''' (from Ancient Greek: ὄπισθεν ''opisthen'', meaning 'behind', and τόνος ''tonos'', meaning 'tension') is a neurological condition characterized by extreme hyperextension and spasticity. In this state, an individual's head, neck, and spinal column enter into a pronounced arching or bridging position. | |||
== Causes == | == Causes == | ||
Opisthotonus can be caused by a variety of conditions, including: | Opisthotonus can be caused by a variety of conditions, including: | ||
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* Neuroleptic malignant syndrome | * Neuroleptic malignant syndrome | ||
* Certain metabolic disorders | * Certain metabolic disorders | ||
<youtube> | <youtube> | ||
title='''{{PAGENAME}}''' | title='''{{PAGENAME}}''' | ||
movie_url=http://www.youtube.com/v/afxp8nwLmcE | movie_url=http://www.youtube.com/v/afxp8nwLmcE | ||
&rel=1 | &rel=1 | ||
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height=600 | height=600 | ||
</youtube> | </youtube> | ||
== Symptoms == | == Symptoms == | ||
The primary symptom of opisthotonus is the extreme backward arching of the head, neck, and spine. Other symptoms may include: | The primary symptom of opisthotonus is the extreme backward arching of the head, neck, and spine. Other symptoms may include: | ||
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* Difficulty breathing | * Difficulty breathing | ||
* Pain | * Pain | ||
== Diagnosis == | == Diagnosis == | ||
Diagnosis of opisthotonus involves: | Diagnosis of opisthotonus involves: | ||
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* Diagnostic imaging like MRI or CT scans | * Diagnostic imaging like MRI or CT scans | ||
* Lumbar puncture, if meningitis is suspected | * Lumbar puncture, if meningitis is suspected | ||
== Treatment == | == Treatment == | ||
Treatment focuses on managing the underlying cause and may include: | Treatment focuses on managing the underlying cause and may include: | ||
| Line 42: | Line 54: | ||
* Supportive care for breathing and feeding difficulties | * Supportive care for breathing and feeding difficulties | ||
* Physical therapy | * Physical therapy | ||
== External Links == | == External Links == | ||
* [https://www.ninds.nih.gov/Disorders/All-Disorders/Opisthotonos-Information-Page National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke: Opisthotonos] | * [https://www.ninds.nih.gov/Disorders/All-Disorders/Opisthotonos-Information-Page National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke: Opisthotonos] | ||
* [https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/10255/opisthotonos NIH: Rare Diseases - Opisthotonos] | * [https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/10255/opisthotonos NIH: Rare Diseases - Opisthotonos] | ||
[[Category:Neurological disorders]] | [[Category:Neurological disorders]] | ||
[[Category:Symptoms and signs]] | [[Category:Symptoms and signs]] | ||
{{stub}} | {{stub}} | ||
Latest revision as of 06:03, 8 April 2025
Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
W8MD's medical weight loss NYC, sleep center NYC
Philadelphia medical weight loss and Philadelphia sleep clinics
| Opisthotonus | |
|---|---|
| |
| Synonyms | N/A |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Severe muscle spasms, hyperextension of the back |
| Complications | Respiratory failure, aspiration pneumonia |
| Onset | Sudden |
| Duration | Variable |
| Types | N/A |
| Causes | Tetanus, meningitis, severe head injury, cerebral palsy |
| Risks | Infection, trauma |
| Diagnosis | Clinical evaluation, neurological examination |
| Differential diagnosis | Seizure disorder, dystonia, decerebrate posture |
| Prevention | N/A |
| Treatment | Muscle relaxants, sedation, antibiotics for infection |
| Medication | Diazepam, baclofen, dantrolene |
| Prognosis | Depends on underlying cause |
| Frequency | Rare |
| Deaths | N/A |
Opisthotonus or opisthotonos (from Ancient Greek: ὄπισθεν opisthen, meaning 'behind', and τόνος tonos, meaning 'tension') is a neurological condition characterized by extreme hyperextension and spasticity. In this state, an individual's head, neck, and spinal column enter into a pronounced arching or bridging position.
Causes[edit]
Opisthotonus can be caused by a variety of conditions, including:
- Meningitis
- Severe brain or spinal cord injuries
- Tetanus
- Neuroleptic malignant syndrome
- Certain metabolic disorders
Symptoms[edit]
The primary symptom of opisthotonus is the extreme backward arching of the head, neck, and spine. Other symptoms may include:
- Muscle stiffness and spasms
- Difficulty breathing
- Pain
Diagnosis[edit]
Diagnosis of opisthotonus involves:
- Neurological examination
- Medical history review
- Diagnostic imaging like MRI or CT scans
- Lumbar puncture, if meningitis is suspected
Treatment[edit]
Treatment focuses on managing the underlying cause and may include:
- Medications to relieve muscle stiffness and spasms
- Supportive care for breathing and feeding difficulties
- Physical therapy
