Focal nodular hyperplasia: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox medical condition | |||
| name = Focal nodular hyperplasia | |||
| image = [[File:Focal_nodular_hyperplasia_-_intermed_mag.jpg|250px]] | |||
| caption = Micrograph of focal nodular hyperplasia showing the characteristic central scar. H&E stain. | |||
| field = [[Gastroenterology]], [[Hepatology]] | |||
| synonyms = FNH | |||
| symptoms = Usually asymptomatic, may cause abdominal pain or discomfort | |||
| complications = Rarely, hemorrhage or rupture | |||
| onset = Typically in young adults | |||
| duration = Long-term | |||
| causes = Unknown, possibly related to [[hormonal]] factors | |||
| risks = More common in [[women]] | |||
| diagnosis = [[Imaging]] studies such as [[ultrasound]], [[CT scan]], [[MRI]] | |||
| differential = [[Hepatocellular adenoma]], [[Hepatocellular carcinoma]], [[Liver metastases]] | |||
| treatment = Usually none required, [[surgery]] if symptomatic | |||
| prognosis = Excellent, benign condition | |||
| frequency = Common, second most common benign liver tumor | |||
}} | |||
[[File:Focal_nodular_hyperplasia_liver_0521105219312.jpg|Focal nodular hyperplasia in the liver|thumb|left]] | |||
[[File:Liver_tumor_types_in_adults_by_relative_incidence.png|Liver tumor types in adults by relative incidence|thumb|left]] | |||
'''Focal Nodular Hyperplasia''' ('''FNH''') is a benign condition of the liver that is often discovered incidentally during imaging studies for unrelated conditions. It is the second most common benign liver lesion, with [[Hemangioma]] being the most common. FNH is more frequently found in women and is often associated with the use of oral contraceptives. | '''Focal Nodular Hyperplasia''' ('''FNH''') is a benign condition of the liver that is often discovered incidentally during imaging studies for unrelated conditions. It is the second most common benign liver lesion, with [[Hemangioma]] being the most common. FNH is more frequently found in women and is often associated with the use of oral contraceptives. | ||
==Etiology== | ==Etiology== | ||
The exact cause of FNH is not known. However, it is believed to be associated with vascular malformations in the liver. Some studies suggest a possible link with the use of [[Oral contraceptives|oral contraceptive pills]], but this has not been definitively proven. | The exact cause of FNH is not known. However, it is believed to be associated with vascular malformations in the liver. Some studies suggest a possible link with the use of [[Oral contraceptives|oral contraceptive pills]], but this has not been definitively proven. | ||
==Clinical Presentation== | ==Clinical Presentation== | ||
Most patients with FNH are asymptomatic. When symptoms do occur, they are usually nonspecific and may include abdominal discomfort or fullness. Rarely, a large FNH can cause significant symptoms due to mass effect. | Most patients with FNH are asymptomatic. When symptoms do occur, they are usually nonspecific and may include abdominal discomfort or fullness. Rarely, a large FNH can cause significant symptoms due to mass effect. | ||
==Diagnosis== | ==Diagnosis== | ||
FNH is often discovered incidentally during imaging studies for unrelated conditions. The diagnosis can usually be made based on characteristic imaging findings on [[Ultrasound]], [[Computed tomography|CT]], or [[Magnetic resonance imaging|MRI]]. In some cases, a [[Liver biopsy|liver biopsy]] may be needed to confirm the diagnosis. | FNH is often discovered incidentally during imaging studies for unrelated conditions. The diagnosis can usually be made based on characteristic imaging findings on [[Ultrasound]], [[Computed tomography|CT]], or [[Magnetic resonance imaging|MRI]]. In some cases, a [[Liver biopsy|liver biopsy]] may be needed to confirm the diagnosis. | ||
==Treatment== | ==Treatment== | ||
No treatment is usually necessary for FNH, as it is a benign condition and does not increase the risk of [[Liver cancer|liver cancer]]. In rare cases where the FNH is large and causing symptoms, surgical resection may be considered. | No treatment is usually necessary for FNH, as it is a benign condition and does not increase the risk of [[Liver cancer|liver cancer]]. In rare cases where the FNH is large and causing symptoms, surgical resection may be considered. | ||
==Prognosis== | ==Prognosis== | ||
The prognosis for FNH is excellent. It does not increase the risk of liver cancer and does not usually require treatment. | The prognosis for FNH is excellent. It does not increase the risk of liver cancer and does not usually require treatment. | ||
[[Category:Medical conditions]] | [[Category:Medical conditions]] | ||
[[Category:Liver diseases]] | [[Category:Liver diseases]] | ||
{{stub}} | {{stub}} | ||
Latest revision as of 18:37, 6 April 2025
Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
W8MD medical weight loss NYC and sleep center NYC
| Focal nodular hyperplasia | |
|---|---|
| |
| Synonyms | FNH |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Usually asymptomatic, may cause abdominal pain or discomfort |
| Complications | Rarely, hemorrhage or rupture |
| Onset | Typically in young adults |
| Duration | Long-term |
| Types | N/A |
| Causes | Unknown, possibly related to hormonal factors |
| Risks | More common in women |
| Diagnosis | Imaging studies such as ultrasound, CT scan, MRI |
| Differential diagnosis | Hepatocellular adenoma, Hepatocellular carcinoma, Liver metastases |
| Prevention | N/A |
| Treatment | Usually none required, surgery if symptomatic |
| Medication | N/A |
| Prognosis | Excellent, benign condition |
| Frequency | Common, second most common benign liver tumor |
| Deaths | N/A |
Focal Nodular Hyperplasia (FNH) is a benign condition of the liver that is often discovered incidentally during imaging studies for unrelated conditions. It is the second most common benign liver lesion, with Hemangioma being the most common. FNH is more frequently found in women and is often associated with the use of oral contraceptives.
Etiology[edit]
The exact cause of FNH is not known. However, it is believed to be associated with vascular malformations in the liver. Some studies suggest a possible link with the use of oral contraceptive pills, but this has not been definitively proven.
Clinical Presentation[edit]
Most patients with FNH are asymptomatic. When symptoms do occur, they are usually nonspecific and may include abdominal discomfort or fullness. Rarely, a large FNH can cause significant symptoms due to mass effect.
Diagnosis[edit]
FNH is often discovered incidentally during imaging studies for unrelated conditions. The diagnosis can usually be made based on characteristic imaging findings on Ultrasound, CT, or MRI. In some cases, a liver biopsy may be needed to confirm the diagnosis.
Treatment[edit]
No treatment is usually necessary for FNH, as it is a benign condition and does not increase the risk of liver cancer. In rare cases where the FNH is large and causing symptoms, surgical resection may be considered.
Prognosis[edit]
The prognosis for FNH is excellent. It does not increase the risk of liver cancer and does not usually require treatment.
