Epispadias: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox medical condition | |||
| name = Epispadias | |||
| image = [[File:Epispadias_in_a_boy_aged_two_years_Wellcome_L0062463.jpg|250px]] | |||
| caption = Epispadias in a boy aged two years | |||
| field = [[Urology]] | |||
| synonyms = | |||
| symptoms = [[Abnormal urethral opening]], [[urinary incontinence]], [[urinary tract infections]] | |||
| complications = [[Infertility]], [[urinary tract infections]], [[urinary incontinence]] | |||
| onset = [[Congenital disorder|Congenital]] | |||
| duration = [[Lifelong]] | |||
| causes = [[Developmental defect]] | |||
| risks = [[Family history]], [[genetic factors]] | |||
| diagnosis = [[Physical examination]], [[imaging studies]] | |||
| differential = [[Hypospadias]], [[bladder exstrophy]] | |||
| prevention = None | |||
| treatment = [[Surgical repair]] | |||
| medication = [[Antibiotics]] for infections | |||
| prognosis = Generally good with treatment | |||
| frequency = Rare | |||
}} | |||
'''Epispadias''' is a rare type of [[malformation]] of the [[penis]] in males or the [[urethra]] in females that is present at birth. This condition is characterized by the abnormal location of the urethra, the tube that drains urine from the body. | '''Epispadias''' is a rare type of [[malformation]] of the [[penis]] in males or the [[urethra]] in females that is present at birth. This condition is characterized by the abnormal location of the urethra, the tube that drains urine from the body. | ||
== Introduction == | |||
== | |||
In males with epispadias, the urethra generally opens on the top or side of the penis rather than the tip. However, it can also be present along the entire length of the penis. In females, the urethral opening can be located in the [[abdomen]] or the area between the clitoris and the labia. | In males with epispadias, the urethra generally opens on the top or side of the penis rather than the tip. However, it can also be present along the entire length of the penis. In females, the urethral opening can be located in the [[abdomen]] or the area between the clitoris and the labia. | ||
==Causes== | ==Causes== | ||
Epispadias is caused by a malfunction during the early stages of [[pregnancy]]. The exact reason for this malfunction is not known, but it is believed to be related to improper development of the [[pubic bone]]. In many cases, epispadias is associated with bladder exstrophy, a condition in which the bladder is turned inside out and exposed on the outside of the abdomen. | Epispadias is caused by a malfunction during the early stages of [[pregnancy]]. The exact reason for this malfunction is not known, but it is believed to be related to improper development of the [[pubic bone]]. In many cases, epispadias is associated with bladder exstrophy, a condition in which the bladder is turned inside out and exposed on the outside of the abdomen. | ||
==Symptoms== | ==Symptoms== | ||
The symptoms of epispadias can vary greatly depending on the severity of the condition. Some common symptoms include a wide, short penis with an abnormal curvature, a small, open bladder, and urinary incontinence. | The symptoms of epispadias can vary greatly depending on the severity of the condition. Some common symptoms include a wide, short penis with an abnormal curvature, a small, open bladder, and urinary incontinence. | ||
==Diagnosis== | ==Diagnosis== | ||
Epispadias is usually diagnosed at birth by a physical examination. Additional tests may be performed to determine the severity of the condition and to check for any associated abnormalities. These tests may include a [[ultrasound]], a [[cystoscopy]], or a [[voiding cystourethrogram]]. | Epispadias is usually diagnosed at birth by a physical examination. Additional tests may be performed to determine the severity of the condition and to check for any associated abnormalities. These tests may include a [[ultrasound]], a [[cystoscopy]], or a [[voiding cystourethrogram]]. | ||
==Treatment== | ==Treatment== | ||
The treatment for epispadias usually involves surgery to correct the position of the urethral opening and, in males, to straighten the penis. In some cases, additional surgery may be needed to manage urinary incontinence. The goal of treatment is to improve the appearance and function of the genitalia and to achieve urinary and fecal continence. | The treatment for epispadias usually involves surgery to correct the position of the urethral opening and, in males, to straighten the penis. In some cases, additional surgery may be needed to manage urinary incontinence. The goal of treatment is to improve the appearance and function of the genitalia and to achieve urinary and fecal continence. | ||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
* [[Hypospadias]] | * [[Hypospadias]] | ||
* [[Bladder exstrophy]] | * [[Bladder exstrophy]] | ||
* [[Urinary incontinence]] | * [[Urinary incontinence]] | ||
[[Category:Congenital disorders]] | [[Category:Congenital disorders]] | ||
[[Category:Urology]] | [[Category:Urology]] | ||
[[Category:Pediatrics]] | [[Category:Pediatrics]] | ||
{{stub}} | {{stub}} | ||
Latest revision as of 14:59, 6 April 2025
Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
W8MD medical weight loss NYC and sleep center NYC
| Epispadias | |
|---|---|
| |
| Synonyms | |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Abnormal urethral opening, urinary incontinence, urinary tract infections |
| Complications | Infertility, urinary tract infections, urinary incontinence |
| Onset | Congenital |
| Duration | Lifelong |
| Types | N/A |
| Causes | Developmental defect |
| Risks | Family history, genetic factors |
| Diagnosis | Physical examination, imaging studies |
| Differential diagnosis | Hypospadias, bladder exstrophy |
| Prevention | None |
| Treatment | Surgical repair |
| Medication | Antibiotics for infections |
| Prognosis | Generally good with treatment |
| Frequency | Rare |
| Deaths | N/A |
Epispadias is a rare type of malformation of the penis in males or the urethra in females that is present at birth. This condition is characterized by the abnormal location of the urethra, the tube that drains urine from the body.
Introduction[edit]
In males with epispadias, the urethra generally opens on the top or side of the penis rather than the tip. However, it can also be present along the entire length of the penis. In females, the urethral opening can be located in the abdomen or the area between the clitoris and the labia.
Causes[edit]
Epispadias is caused by a malfunction during the early stages of pregnancy. The exact reason for this malfunction is not known, but it is believed to be related to improper development of the pubic bone. In many cases, epispadias is associated with bladder exstrophy, a condition in which the bladder is turned inside out and exposed on the outside of the abdomen.
Symptoms[edit]
The symptoms of epispadias can vary greatly depending on the severity of the condition. Some common symptoms include a wide, short penis with an abnormal curvature, a small, open bladder, and urinary incontinence.
Diagnosis[edit]
Epispadias is usually diagnosed at birth by a physical examination. Additional tests may be performed to determine the severity of the condition and to check for any associated abnormalities. These tests may include a ultrasound, a cystoscopy, or a voiding cystourethrogram.
Treatment[edit]
The treatment for epispadias usually involves surgery to correct the position of the urethral opening and, in males, to straighten the penis. In some cases, additional surgery may be needed to manage urinary incontinence. The goal of treatment is to improve the appearance and function of the genitalia and to achieve urinary and fecal continence.
