Generalized anxiety disorder

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Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
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Generalized anxiety disorder
Synonyms	N/A
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Excessive anxiety, worry, restlessness, fatigue, difficulty concentrating, irritability, muscle tension, sleep disturbance
Complications	N/A
Onset	Gradual
Duration	Long-term
Types	N/A
Causes	Genetic predisposition, environmental factors, stress
Risks	Family history, substance abuse, chronic illness
Diagnosis	Clinical assessment, DSM-5 criteria
Differential diagnosis	Panic disorder, social anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, depression
Prevention	N/A
Treatment	Cognitive behavioral therapy, medication (e.g., SSRIs, SNRIs)
Medication	Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, benzodiazepines
Prognosis	Variable; can be managed with treatment
Frequency	Affects approximately 3% of the population annually
Deaths	Rarely directly fatal

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) is a mental health condition characterized by persistent and excessive worry about various aspects of life, such as work, health, and social interactions. Unlike normal anxiety, which is a temporary response to stress, GAD is chronic and can interfere significantly with daily functioning.

Symptoms

Individuals with GAD experience a range of symptoms that can vary in intensity. Common symptoms include:

• Persistent worrying or anxiety about a number of areas that are out of proportion to the impact of the events.
• Overthinking plans and solutions to all possible worst-case outcomes.
• Perceiving situations and events as threatening, even when they aren't.
• Difficulty handling uncertainty.
• Indecisiveness and fear of making the wrong decision.
• Inability to relax, feeling restless, and feeling keyed up or on edge.
• Difficulty concentrating, or the feeling that your mind "goes blank."

Physical symptoms may include:

• Fatigue
• Trouble sleeping
• Muscle tension or muscle aches
• Trembling, feeling twitchy
• Nervousness or being easily startled
• Sweating
• Nausea, diarrhea, or irritable bowel syndrome

Causes

The exact cause of GAD is not fully understood, but it is likely to be a combination of genetic, environmental, and psychological factors. Some potential contributing factors include:

• Family history of anxiety disorders
• Prolonged exposure to stressful situations
• Childhood trauma
• Personality traits such as being overly timid or negative
• Biological factors, including differences in brain chemistry and function

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of GAD is typically made by a mental health professional based on a comprehensive assessment. This may include a detailed interview about symptoms, medical history, and family history. The criteria for diagnosis are outlined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5).

Treatment

Treatment for GAD often involves a combination of psychotherapy, medication, and lifestyle changes. Common approaches include:

• Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT): A type of psychotherapy that helps individuals identify and change negative thought patterns and behaviors.
• Medications: Such as Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) and Benzodiazepines.
• Stress management techniques: Including mindfulness, meditation, and relaxation exercises.
• Lifestyle changes: Such as regular physical activity, a healthy diet, and adequate sleep.

Prognosis

With appropriate treatment, many individuals with GAD can manage their symptoms effectively and lead fulfilling lives. However, it is a chronic condition that may require long-term management.

See Also

• Anxiety disorder
• Panic disorder
• Social anxiety disorder
• Obsessive-compulsive disorder