Ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 23:48, 24 February 2025

A detailed overview of Ovine Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma

Ovine Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma[edit]

Ovine Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma (OPA), also known as Jaagsiekte, is a contagious lung tumor found in sheep. It is caused by the Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (JSRV), which induces the formation of tumors in the lungs of affected animals. This disease is of significant concern in the field of veterinary medicine due to its impact on sheep farming and animal health.

Etiology[edit]

OPA is caused by the Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus, a betaretrovirus that integrates into the host's genome. The virus is transmitted primarily through respiratory secretions, making close contact between animals a significant risk factor for the spread of the disease.

Pathogenesis[edit]

Once the virus infects the lung tissue, it induces the transformation of alveolar and bronchiolar epithelial cells, leading to the development of adenocarcinoma. The tumors primarily affect the alveoli, causing respiratory distress and reduced lung function.

Clinical Signs[edit]

Affected sheep typically exhibit signs of respiratory distress, including dyspnea, coughing, and nasal discharge. As the disease progresses, weight loss and exercise intolerance become more pronounced. In advanced cases, affected animals may develop a characteristic "wheelbarrow test" positive result, where fluid is expelled from the nostrils when the animal's hindquarters are elevated.

Diagnosis[edit]

Diagnosis of OPA is challenging due to the lack of specific clinical signs in early stages. Ultrasound and radiography can be used to detect lung masses, but definitive diagnosis often requires histopathological examination of lung tissue. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests can detect JSRV DNA in tissue samples.

Treatment and Control[edit]

There is currently no effective treatment for OPA. Control measures focus on preventing the spread of the virus through biosecurity practices, such as isolating affected animals and maintaining closed flocks. Selective breeding for resistance is also being explored as a long-term strategy.

Economic Impact[edit]

OPA can have a significant economic impact on sheep farming due to reduced productivity, increased morbidity, and mortality. The disease can lead to substantial financial losses for farmers due to decreased wool and meat production.

Research[edit]

Ongoing research aims to better understand the molecular biology of JSRV and the host's immune response to infection. Advances in genomics and proteomics are providing new insights into potential targets for vaccine development and therapeutic interventions.

Related pages[edit]

Ovine_pulmonary_adenocarcinoma[edit]

Jaagsiekte

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-'''Ovine Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma''' (OPA), also known as Jaagsiekte, is a contagious [[lung cancer]] affecting [[sheep]]. It is caused by the Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (JSRV) and is characterized by the excessive secretion of fluid into the lungs, leading to severe respiratory distress. This article provides an overview of OPA, including its etiology, symptoms, diagnosis, and management strategies.
+{{Short description|A detailed overview of Ovine Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma}}
-==Etiology==
+== Ovine Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma ==
-OPA is caused by the Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (JSRV), a [[Betaretrovirus]] that specifically infects the epithelial cells of the lung's alveoli. Transmission of JSRV is primarily through aerosolized respiratory secretions, making close contact among sheep a significant risk factor for the spread of the disease.
+'''Ovine Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma''' (OPA), also known as '''Jaagsiekte''', is a contagious lung tumor found in sheep. It is caused by the [[Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus]] (JSRV), which induces the formation of tumors in the lungs of affected animals. This disease is of significant concern in the field of [[veterinary medicine]] due to its impact on [[sheep farming]] and [[animal health]].
-==Symptoms==
+== Etiology ==
-The clinical presentation of OPA can vary, but typically includes progressive weight loss, increased respiratory rate, and difficulty breathing. Affected sheep may be seen standing with their necks extended and mouths open in an effort to breathe more easily. A hallmark of the disease is the production of a copious amount of fluid from the lungs, which may be observed as a frothy discharge from the nostrils when the head is lowered.
+OPA is caused by the [[Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus]], a [[betaretrovirus]] that integrates into the host's [[genome]]. The virus is transmitted primarily through respiratory secretions, making close contact between animals a significant risk factor for the spread of the disease.
-==Diagnosis==
+== Pathogenesis ==
-Diagnosis of OPA is challenging due to the insidious nature of the disease and the lack of specific clinical signs in the early stages. Definitive diagnosis can be made through post-mortem examination, where characteristic tumor lesions are found in the lungs. Ante-mortem diagnostic methods include ultrasound examination of the chest, radiography, and PCR testing for JSRV. However, these methods may not always be conclusive, especially in early-stage disease.
+Once the virus infects the [[lung]] tissue, it induces the transformation of [[alveolar]] and [[bronchiolar]] epithelial cells, leading to the development of [[adenocarcinoma]]. The tumors primarily affect the [[alveoli]], causing respiratory distress and reduced lung function.
-==Management and Control==
+== Clinical Signs ==
-There is no cure for OPA, and management is primarily focused on controlling the spread of the disease within flocks. Strategies include:
+Affected sheep typically exhibit signs of respiratory distress, including [[dyspnea]], [[coughing]], and nasal discharge. As the disease progresses, [[weight loss]] and [[exercise intolerance]] become more pronounced. In advanced cases, affected animals may develop a characteristic "wheelbarrow test" positive result, where fluid is expelled from the nostrils when the animal's hindquarters are elevated.
-* Segregation and culling of affected animals
+== Diagnosis ==
-* Maintaining good biosecurity practices to prevent the introduction of JSRV
+Diagnosis of OPA is challenging due to the lack of specific clinical signs in early stages. [[Ultrasound]] and [[radiography]] can be used to detect lung masses, but definitive diagnosis often requires [[histopathological]] examination of lung tissue. [[Polymerase chain reaction]] (PCR) tests can detect JSRV DNA in tissue samples.
-* Regular monitoring and screening of flocks for early detection of the disease
-Vaccination against OPA is not currently available, making management practices critical in controlling the disease.
+== Treatment and Control ==
+There is currently no effective treatment for OPA. Control measures focus on preventing the spread of the virus through [[biosecurity]] practices, such as isolating affected animals and maintaining closed flocks. [[Selective breeding]] for resistance is also being explored as a long-term strategy.
-==Prevention==
+== Economic Impact ==
-Preventive measures are essential to control the spread of OPA. These include:
+OPA can have a significant economic impact on sheep farming due to reduced productivity, increased [[morbidity]], and [[mortality]]. The disease can lead to substantial financial losses for farmers due to decreased [[wool]] and [[meat]] production.
-* Purchasing sheep from flocks free of OPA
+== Research ==
-* Implementing quarantine measures for new or returning animals
+Ongoing research aims to better understand the [[molecular biology]] of JSRV and the host's immune response to infection. Advances in [[genomics]] and [[proteomics]] are providing new insights into potential targets for [[vaccine]] development and [[therapeutic]] interventions.
-* Avoiding overcrowding and ensuring good ventilation in housing facilities
-==Conclusion==
+== Related pages ==
-Ovine Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma is a significant health concern in sheep populations worldwide. Due to its contagious nature and the absence of effective treatments, emphasis must be placed on prevention, early detection, and strict biosecurity measures to control the spread of the disease.
+* [[Sheep diseases]]
+* [[Retrovirus]]
+* [[Veterinary pathology]]
-[[Category:Animal diseases]]
 [[Category:Sheep diseases]]
-[[Category:Lung cancer]]
+[[Category:Animal viral diseases]]
-{{Veterinary-stub}}
+[[Category:Veterinary medicine]]
+== Ovine_pulmonary_adenocarcinoma ==
+<gallery>
+File:Jaagsiekte.jpg|Jaagsiekte
+</gallery>