Acrylic acid

Acrylic Acid

Structural formula of acrylic acid

Acrylic acid is an organic compound with the formula C_H_O_. It is the simplest unsaturated carboxylic acid, consisting of a vinyl group connected directly to a carboxylic acid terminus. This compound is a colorless liquid with a characteristic acrid odor.

Structure and Properties

Acrylic acid is a carboxylic acid with a vinyl group attached to the carboxyl group. The presence of the double bond in the vinyl group makes acrylic acid an unsaturated compound, which is reactive and can undergo polymerization.

3D ball model of acrylic acid

The molecular structure of acrylic acid allows it to participate in a variety of chemical reactions, including addition reactions and polymerization. It is miscible with water, alcohols, and ethers, and it can form hydrogen bonds due to the presence of the carboxyl group.

Production

Acrylic acid is produced industrially by the oxidation of propylene, a byproduct of ethylene and gasoline production. The process involves the catalytic oxidation of propylene in the presence of air, yielding acrylic acid as the primary product.

Synthesis of acrylic acid from acetylene

Historically, acrylic acid was also synthesized from acetylene and carbon monoxide in the presence of nickel carbonyl, but this method is less common today.

Applications

Acrylic acid is a key monomer used in the production of polyacrylic acid and its derivatives. These polymers are used in a wide range of applications, including:

• Superabsorbent polymers in diapers and adult incontinence products.
• Adhesives and sealants.
• Coatings and paints.
• Textile and leather treatments.

The ability of acrylic acid to form polymers with a wide range of properties makes it a versatile component in many industrial and consumer products.

Safety and Handling

Acrylic acid is a corrosive substance and can cause severe skin burns and eye damage. It is also a flammable liquid and vapor, requiring careful handling and storage. Proper personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves and goggles should be used when handling acrylic acid.

Related Pages

• Carboxylic acid
• Polymerization
• Propylene
• Superabsorbent polymer

Gallery

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  Structural formula of acrylic acid
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  3D ball model of acrylic acid
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  Synthesis of acrylic acid from acetylene

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  Acrylic acid chemical structure
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  3D model of acrylic acid
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  Synthesis of acrylic acid from acetylene