Metabolic engineering

Metabolic engineering is the practice of optimizing genetic and regulatory processes within cells to increase the cells' production of a certain substance. These processes are chemical networks that use a series of biochemical reactions and enzymes that allow cells to convert raw materials into molecules necessary for the cell's survival. Metabolic pathways are the routes by which these conversions occur.

History

The field of metabolic engineering was formally named in a 1991 article by James Bailey. The field has grown rapidly since then, with the development of new techniques and the expansion of its scope.

Techniques

Metabolic engineering uses a variety of techniques to achieve its goals. These include genetic engineering, systems biology, and synthetic biology.

Genetic engineering

Genetic engineering is a key technique in metabolic engineering. It involves the direct manipulation of an organism's genes using biotechnology.

Systems biology

Systems biology is an approach in biomedical research to understanding the larger picture—be it at the level of the organism, tissue, or cell—by putting its pieces together.

Synthetic biology

Synthetic biology is an interdisciplinary branch of biology and engineering. The subject combines various disciplines from within these domains, such as biotechnology, evolutionary biology, molecular biology, systems biology, biophysics, computer engineering, and genetic engineering.

Applications

Metabolic engineering has a wide range of applications. It is used in the production of biofuels, pharmaceuticals, and other chemicals. It is also used in environmental remediation and agriculture.

See also

• Bioengineering
• Biotechnology
• Genetic engineering
• Systems biology
• Synthetic biology

References

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