Arthur Nicolaier

German physician and bacteriologist

Arthur Nicolaier (4 February 1862 – 28 August 1942) was a German physician and bacteriologist known for his discovery of the bacterium Clostridium tetani, the causative agent of tetanus. His work significantly advanced the understanding of infectious diseases and contributed to the development of preventive measures against tetanus.

Early Life and Education

Arthur Nicolaier was born in Cosel, Province of Silesia, which was then part of the Kingdom of Prussia. He pursued his medical studies at the University of Berlin, where he developed a keen interest in bacteriology, a burgeoning field at the time. Nicolaier was influenced by the works of prominent scientists such as Robert Koch and Louis Pasteur.

Career and Research

Nicolaier's most notable contribution to medicine was his research on tetanus. In 1884, he successfully isolated the bacterium responsible for the disease, which he identified as Clostridium tetani. This discovery was pivotal in understanding the pathogenesis of tetanus and laid the groundwork for future developments in vaccine production and antitoxin therapy.

Illustration from Liber de arte Distillandi by Hieronymus Brunschwig

Nicolaier's work was conducted during a time when the field of bacteriology was rapidly evolving. His research contributed to the broader understanding of anaerobic bacteria and their role in infectious diseases. Despite the challenges of working with anaerobic organisms, Nicolaier's meticulous methods allowed him to make significant strides in the field.

Later Life and Legacy

Arthur Nicolaier continued his research and teaching throughout his career, becoming a respected figure in the medical community. However, his life took a tragic turn during the Nazi regime in Germany. As a Jewish scientist, Nicolaier faced persecution and was ultimately forced to leave his position. He died in 1942 under circumstances that reflect the broader tragedy faced by many Jewish intellectuals during this period.

Stolperstein for Arthur Nicolaier

Today, Nicolaier is remembered for his contributions to medical science, particularly in the field of bacteriology. A Stolperstein (stumbling stone) has been placed in his memory, serving as a reminder of his achievements and the injustices he faced.

Related Pages

• Clostridium tetani
• Tetanus
• Robert Koch
• Louis Pasteur