Upper gastrointestinal bleeding
Upper gastrointestinal bleeding
Upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) is a serious medical condition that requires immediate attention. It is characterized by the sudden onset of bleeding from the upper part of the gastrointestinal tract, which includes the esophagus, stomach, and the first part of the small intestine known as the duodenum.
Pronunciation: /ˈʌpər/ /ˌɡæstroʊɪnˈtɛstɪnəl/ /ˈbliːdɪŋ/
Etymology: The term is derived from the English words "upper" (meaning higher in position), "gastrointestinal" (pertaining to the stomach and intestines), and "bleeding" (loss of blood).
Causes
UGIB can be caused by a variety of conditions, including peptic ulcers, gastritis, esophageal varices, and Mallory-Weiss syndrome. Other less common causes include cancer of the stomach or esophagus, gastric aneurysm, and Dieulafoy's lesion.
Symptoms
The most common symptom of UGIB is hematemesis (vomiting blood) or melena (black, tarry stools). Other symptoms may include anemia, syncope (fainting), and palpitations (rapid, irregular heartbeats).
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of UGIB typically involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, and diagnostic tests such as endoscopy and laboratory tests.
Treatment
Treatment for UGIB depends on the underlying cause and may include medications, endoscopic therapy, and in severe cases, surgery.
See also
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Upper gastrointestinal bleeding
- Wikipedia's article - Upper gastrointestinal bleeding
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