Substance use disorder
Substance use disorder
Substance use disorder (SUD), pronounced /ˈsʌbstəns juːs dɪsˈɔːdər/, is a medical condition characterized by the recurrent use of drugs or alcohol that causes significant clinical and functional impairment. This impairment may include health problems, disability, and failure to meet major responsibilities at work, school, or home.
Etymology
The term "substance use disorder" is derived from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5), a publication by the American Psychiatric Association. The term was introduced to replace terms like "substance abuse" and "substance dependence," in order to provide a unified standard of diagnosis.
Types of Substance Use Disorders
Substance use disorders span a wide variety of problems arising from substance use, and cover 11 different criteria:
- Substance is often taken in larger amounts or over a longer period than was intended.
- There is a persistent desire or unsuccessful efforts to cut down or control substance use.
- A great deal of time is spent in activities necessary to obtain the substance, use the substance, or recover from its effects.
- Craving, or a strong desire or urge to use the substance.
- Recurrent substance use resulting in a failure to fulfill major role obligations at work, school, or home.
- Continued substance use despite having persistent or recurrent social or interpersonal problems caused or exacerbated by the effects of the substance.
- Important social, occupational, or recreational activities are given up or reduced because of substance use.
- Recurrent substance use in situations in which it is physically hazardous.
- Substance use is continued despite knowledge of having a persistent or recurrent physical or psychological problem that is likely to have been caused or exacerbated by the substance.
- Tolerance, as defined by either of the following: a) A need for markedly increased amounts of the substance to achieve intoxication or desired effect or b) A markedly diminished effect with continued use of the same amount of the substance.
- Withdrawal, as manifested by either of the following: a) The characteristic withdrawal syndrome for the substance or b) The same (or a closely related) substance is taken to relieve or avoid withdrawal symptoms.
Related Terms
- Addiction: A brain disorder characterized by compulsive engagement in rewarding stimuli despite adverse consequences.
- Dependence: An adaptive state associated with a withdrawal syndrome upon cessation of repeated exposure to a stimulus.
- Withdrawal: The group of symptoms that occur upon the abrupt discontinuation or decrease in intake of medications or recreational drugs.
- Tolerance: A state of progressively decreased responsiveness to a drug as a result of which a larger dose of the drug is needed to achieve the effect originally produced by a smaller dose.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Substance use disorder
- Wikipedia's article - Substance use disorder
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