Streptolysin
Streptolysin
Streptolysin (/strɛptoʊˈlaɪsɪn/) is a type of hemolysin produced by certain species of Streptococcus, a genus of bacteria. It is a toxin that can cause damage to cells by forming pores in their membranes.
Etymology
The term "streptolysin" is derived from the genus name Streptococcus and the suffix "-lysin", which is used in the names of substances that destroy or dissolve certain types of cells or tissues. The prefix "strepto-" comes from the Greek word "streptos", meaning "twisted", while "lysin" comes from the Greek "lysis", meaning "loosening" or "dissolving".
Types
There are two types of streptolysin: streptolysin O (SLO) and streptolysin S (SLS). Both are exotoxins, but they differ in their properties and effects on cells.
- Streptolysin O is oxygen-labile, meaning it is inactivated by oxygen. It is also antigenic, meaning it can stimulate an immune response.
- Streptolysin S is oxygen-stable and non-antigenic. It can cause hemolysis even in the presence of oxygen.
Role in Disease
Streptolysin plays a key role in the pathogenesis of diseases caused by Streptococcus bacteria, such as pharyngitis, rheumatic fever, and necrotizing fasciitis. The ability of these bacteria to produce streptolysin and other toxins contributes to their virulence.
Detection
The presence of antibodies against streptolysin O in a person's blood can be detected using the ASO titer test. This test is often used to diagnose infections caused by Streptococcus bacteria.
Related Terms
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Streptolysin
- Wikipedia's article - Streptolysin
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