Exotoxin
Exotoxin
Exotoxin (/ɛkˈsoʊtɒksɪn/) is a type of toxin that is secreted by certain types of bacteria into the surrounding environment.
Etymology
The term "exotoxin" is derived from the Greek words "exo", meaning "outside", and "toxin", which is derived from the Greek word "toxikon", meaning "poison for arrows".
Definition
Exotoxins are potent proteins produced by bacteria that can cause damage to the host by destroying cells or disrupting normal cellular processes. They are typically produced by Gram-positive bacteria, but can also be produced by some Gram-negative bacteria.
Types of Exotoxins
There are three main types of exotoxins: Cytotoxins, which kill cells; Neurotoxins, which interfere with nerve function; and Enterotoxins, which affect the intestines.
Related Terms
- Endotoxin: A toxin that is present inside a bacterial cell and is released when the cell disintegrates.
- Toxoid: A toxin that has been treated (typically with heat or chemicals) to destroy its toxic properties but that retains its ability to stimulate the production of antibodies when injected into the body.
- Antitoxin: A substance, often of biological origin, that neutralizes the harmful effects of a toxin.
See Also
- Bacteria
- Toxin
- Protein
- Gram-positive bacteria
- Gram-negative bacteria
- Cytotoxins
- Neurotoxins
- Enterotoxins
- Endotoxin
- Toxoid
- Antitoxin
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Exotoxin
- Wikipedia's article - Exotoxin
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