Stratum corneum
Stratum corneum
The Stratum corneum (pronounced: /ˈstreɪtəm ˈkɔːrniəm/) is the outermost layer of the epidermis, the outermost layer of the skin. It is primarily composed of dead cells that lack nuclei.
Etymology
The term "stratum corneum" is derived from the Latin words "stratum" meaning "layer" and "corneum" meaning "horny". This name is given due to the layer's texture, which is tough and horny.
Function
The stratum corneum serves as the body's primary line of defense against environmental assaults. It is responsible for the skin's barrier function, preventing the entry of harmful substances such as pathogens and toxins, and limiting the loss of water and electrolytes from the body.
Structure
The stratum corneum is composed of 15-20 layers of flattened, dead keratinocytes, which are filled with the protein keratin. These cells are surrounded by a lipid-rich extracellular matrix that is composed of ceramides, cholesterol, and free fatty acids. This structure contributes to the stratum corneum's barrier function.
Related Terms
- Epidermis: The outermost layer of the skin, which includes the stratum corneum.
- Keratin: A protein that is a key component of the stratum corneum.
- Keratinocytes: The cells that make up the stratum corneum.
- Ceramides: Lipids that contribute to the barrier function of the stratum corneum.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Stratum corneum
- Wikipedia's article - Stratum corneum
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