Second-impact syndrome
Second-impact syndrome
Second-impact syndrome (SIS) (/ˈsɛkənd ˈɪmpækt sɪnˈdroʊm/), also known as repeated traumatic brain injury, is a potentially fatal condition that can occur when a person sustains a second traumatic brain injury before symptoms from an earlier one have subsided.
Etymology
The term "second-impact syndrome" was first used in the medical literature in the 1980s. It is derived from the English words "second", referring to the occurrence of a subsequent event, "impact", referring to a forceful contact, and "syndrome", a Greek word meaning "concurrence of symptoms", indicating a collection of signs and symptoms associated with a specific health-related condition.
Definition
Second-impact syndrome is characterized by rapid and usually fatal brain swelling after a person suffers a second blow to the head, even a minor one, before the symptoms of a previous head injury have fully subsided. This condition is most often associated with sports where impacts to the head are common, such as American football, boxing, and ice hockey.
Symptoms
Symptoms of second-impact syndrome may include any of the following: severe headache, dizziness, dilated pupils, loss of eye movement, unconsciousness, and respiratory failure. These symptoms can develop rapidly and require immediate medical attention.
Related Terms
- Traumatic brain injury: An injury to the brain caused by a blow or jolt to the head.
- Concussion: A type of traumatic brain injury caused by a blow to the head or body, a fall, or another injury that jars or shakes the brain inside the skull.
- Post-concussion syndrome: A complex disorder in which various symptoms — such as headaches and dizziness — last for weeks and sometimes months after the injury that caused the concussion.
See Also
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Second-impact syndrome
- Wikipedia's article - Second-impact syndrome
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