Traumatic brain injury
Traumatic Brain Injury
Traumatic brain injury (TBI), also known as intracranial injury, occurs when an external force injures the brain. TBI can be classified based on severity, mechanism (closed or penetrating head injury), or other features (e.g., occurring in a specific location or over a widespread area).
Pronunciation
- Traumatic: /trəˈmatik/
- Brain: /brān/
- Injury: /ˈinjərē/
Etymology
- Traumatic: From the Greek word "trauma" meaning "wound".
- Brain: From the Old English word "brægen" meaning "brain".
- Injury: From the Latin word "injuria" meaning "a wrong".
Definition
TBI is defined as damage to the brain resulting from external mechanical force, such as rapid acceleration or deceleration, impact, blast waves, or penetration by a projectile. Brain function is temporarily or permanently impaired and structural damage may or may not be detectable with current technology.
Symptoms
Symptoms of TBI can be mild, moderate, or severe, depending on the extent of the damage to the brain. A person with a mild TBI may remain conscious or may experience a loss of consciousness for a few seconds or minutes. Other symptoms of mild TBI include headache, confusion, lightheadedness, dizziness, blurred vision or tired eyes, ringing in the ears, bad taste in the mouth, fatigue or lethargy, and changes in sleep patterns.
Related Terms
- Concussion: A type of traumatic brain injury caused by a blow to the head or body, a fall, or another injury that jars or shakes the brain inside the skull.
- Contusion: A bruise (bleeding into a tissue), in this case, in the brain.
- Coup-Contrecoup Injury: Occurs when the force impacting the head is not only great enough to cause a contusion at the site of impact, but also is able to move the brain and cause it to slam into the opposite side of the skull, which causes an additional contusion.
- Diffuse Axonal Injury: One of the most common and devastating types of traumatic brain injury, meaning that damage occurs over a more widespread area than in focal brain injury.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Traumatic brain injury
- Wikipedia's article - Traumatic brain injury
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