Reynolds' pentad
Reynolds' pentad
Reynolds' pentad (pronounced: /ˈrɛnəldz ˈpɛntæd/) is a collection of five clinical signs suggestive of cholangitis, a serious infection of the bile ducts. It was named after the British physician Sir John Reynolds, who first described it.
Etymology
The term "Reynolds' pentad" is derived from the name of Sir John Reynolds, who first described these symptoms, and the Greek word "pentad", meaning a group or set of five.
Signs and Symptoms
Reynolds' pentad consists of the following five symptoms:
- Jaundice: A yellowing of the skin and eyes due to elevated bilirubin levels in the blood.
- Fever and chills: Indicative of an infection.
- Abdominal pain: Specifically, pain in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen.
- Mental status changes: Such as confusion or altered level of consciousness.
- Septic shock: A severe infection that leads to dangerously low blood pressure and organ failure.
Related Terms
- Charcot's triad: A set of three symptoms that are also indicative of cholangitis, but less severe than Reynolds' pentad. It includes jaundice, fever with chills, and abdominal pain.
- Cholecystitis: Inflammation of the gallbladder, often caused by gallstones, which can also cause similar symptoms to Reynolds' pentad.
- Biliary tract: The path by which bile is secreted by the liver and delivered to the small intestine, including the gallbladder and bile ducts.
See Also
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Reynolds' pentad
- Wikipedia's article - Reynolds' pentad
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