Pneumococcal meningitis
Pneumococcal meningitis (pronounced: new-mo-cock-al men-in-jai-tis) is a severe infection of the meninges, the delicate membranes covering the brain and spinal cord. It is caused by the bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae, also known as the pneumococcus.
Etymology
The term "pneumococcal" is derived from the Greek words pneumon (lung) and kokkos (berry), referring to the bacterium's characteristic appearance under a microscope. "Meningitis" comes from the Greek meninx (membrane) and -itis (inflammation), describing the condition's main pathological feature.
Symptoms
Symptoms of pneumococcal meningitis can include fever, headache, vomiting, stiff neck, and sensitivity to light. In severe cases, it can lead to seizures, coma, and death.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis is typically made through a lumbar puncture, which allows doctors to examine the cerebrospinal fluid for signs of infection. Other tests may include a blood culture and imaging studies such as a CT scan or MRI.
Treatment
Treatment for pneumococcal meningitis usually involves antibiotics, often given intravenously. In some cases, corticosteroids may also be used to reduce inflammation.
Prevention
Prevention of pneumococcal meningitis is possible through vaccination. The pneumococcal vaccine is recommended for all children under the age of 2, adults over 65, and people with certain medical conditions.
See also
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Pneumococcal meningitis
- Wikipedia's article - Pneumococcal meningitis
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