Streptococcus pneumoniae

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Streptococcus pneumoniae (pronounced: strep-toe-cock-us new-moan-ee-ay) is a bacteria that is often found in the respiratory tract of humans. It is a leading cause of pneumonia, meningitis, sinusitis, and otitis media (middle ear infection).

Etymology

The name Streptococcus pneumoniae is derived from the Greek words streptos meaning "twisted" and kokkos meaning "berry". This is in reference to the bacteria's characteristic shape and arrangement in pairs or chains. The term pneumoniae is derived from the Greek pneumon meaning "lung", indicating the bacteria's association with pneumonia.

Characteristics

Streptococcus pneumoniae is a Gram-positive, alpha-hemolytic (partial hemolysis) or beta-hemolytic (complete hemolysis) bacterium. It is typically diplococci in shape, meaning it forms in pairs or short chains. This bacterium is encapsulated, which helps it evade the host's immune system.

Diseases

Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most common cause of bacterial pneumonia and otitis media, and it is one of the leading causes of bacterial meningitis. Other diseases caused by this bacterium include sepsis, endocarditis, peritonitis, and arthritis.

Treatment

Treatment for infections caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae typically involves antibiotics. However, the bacterium has developed resistance to many commonly used antibiotics, making treatment more challenging. Vaccination is also used to prevent pneumococcal disease.

Prevention

Prevention of Streptococcus pneumoniae infections can be achieved through vaccination. The pneumococcal vaccine is recommended for all children under the age of 2, adults over the age of 65, and people with certain health conditions.

External links

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