Plasminogen
Plasminogen
Plasminogen (/plazˈminədʒən/) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PLG gene. It is a precursor to plasmin, a potent enzyme that helps dissolve blood clots.
Etymology
The term "plasminogen" is derived from the Greek words "plasma" meaning "molded" and "gen" meaning "producer". It was first identified in the early 20th century as a component of blood plasma that, when activated, could dissolve fibrin clots.
Function
Plasminogen is synthesized in the liver and circulates in the bloodstream. When a blood clot forms, tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and urokinase (uPA), both serine proteases, are activated and convert plasminogen to plasmin. Plasmin then degrades the fibrin matrix of the thrombus, effectively dissolving the clot.
Related Terms
- Fibrinolysis: The process by which a fibrin clot, the product of coagulation, is broken down. Its main enzyme plasmin is produced by the action of plasminogen.
- Thrombolysis: The breakdown of blood clots formed in blood vessels, using medication. It is a type of fibrinolysis.
- Serine proteases: A type of protease that cleaves peptide bonds in proteins, in which serine serves as the nucleophilic amino acid at the enzyme's active site.
- Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA): A protein involved in the breakdown of blood clots. It is a serine protease found on endothelial cells, the cells that line the blood vessels.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Plasminogen
- Wikipedia's article - Plasminogen
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