Parathyroid neoplasm
Parathyroid Neoplasm
Parathyroid neoplasm (pronunciation: par-uh-thy-roid nee-oh-plaz-uhm) is a rare type of tumor that develops in the parathyroid glands. These glands are small endocrine glands located in the neck that produce parathyroid hormone (PTH), which regulates the body's calcium levels.
Etymology
The term "parathyroid" comes from the Greek words "para," meaning "beside," and "thyroid," referring to the thyroid gland. "Neoplasm" is derived from the Greek "neo," meaning "new," and "plasma," meaning "formation" or "creation." Thus, a parathyroid neoplasm is a new growth or tumor that forms beside the thyroid gland.
Types
There are two main types of parathyroid neoplasms:
- Parathyroid adenoma: This is the most common type of parathyroid neoplasm. It is usually benign (non-cancerous) and often causes hyperparathyroidism, a condition characterized by excessive production of PTH.
- Parathyroid carcinoma: This is a rare and usually malignant (cancerous) type of parathyroid neoplasm. It also often leads to hyperparathyroidism.
Symptoms
Symptoms of a parathyroid neoplasm can vary depending on the type of tumor and the level of PTH produced. Common symptoms include fatigue, depression, bone pain, kidney stones, and high levels of calcium in the blood (hypercalcemia).
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of a parathyroid neoplasm typically involves blood tests to measure levels of PTH and calcium, imaging tests such as ultrasound or MRI, and sometimes a biopsy of the tumor.
Treatment
Treatment for a parathyroid neoplasm usually involves surgery to remove the tumor. In some cases, medication may be used to manage symptoms or to lower calcium levels in the blood.
Related Terms
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Parathyroid neoplasm
- Wikipedia's article - Parathyroid neoplasm
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