Nitroimidazole
Nitroimidazole
Nitroimidazole (pronunciation: /ˌnaɪtroʊ.ɪˈmɪdəzoʊl/) is a class of antibiotics that are particularly effective against anaerobic bacteria and protozoa.
Etymology
The term "Nitroimidazole" is derived from its chemical structure, which consists of an imidazole ring that has a nitro group (-NO2) attached to it.
Medical Uses
Nitroimidazoles are primarily used to treat infections caused by anaerobic bacteria and protozoa. This includes conditions such as trichomoniasis, giardiasis, and amebiasis. They are also used in the treatment of Helicobacter pylori infections, often in combination with other antibiotics.
Mechanism of Action
Nitroimidazoles work by inhibiting the synthesis of nucleic acids in the cells of the bacteria or protozoa. This is achieved by the nitro group in the drug being reduced by certain enzymes within the organism, which then forms a reactive compound that can damage the DNA of the organism, leading to cell death.
Side Effects
Common side effects of nitroimidazoles include nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. In rare cases, they can cause more serious side effects such as neuropathy or seizures.
Related Terms
- Metronidazole: A type of nitroimidazole antibiotic that is commonly used to treat various infections.
- Tinidazole: Another type of nitroimidazole antibiotic, similar to metronidazole but with a longer duration of action.
- Ornidazole: A nitroimidazole antibiotic that is primarily used in the treatment of amoebiasis and giardiasis.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Nitroimidazole
- Wikipedia's article - Nitroimidazole
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